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  • API 571 : 2011

    View superseded by
    Superseded A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
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    DAMAGE MECHANISMS AFFECTING FIXED EQUIPMENT IN THE REFINING INDUSTRY

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy, PDF

    Superseded date:  07-04-2020

    Language(s):  English

    Published date:  01-04-2011

    Publisher:  American Petroleum Institute

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    SECTION 1
     1.1 Introduction
     1.2 Scope
     1.3 Organization and Use
     1.4 References
     1.5 Definitions of Terms
     1.6 Technical Inquires
    SECTION 2
     2.1 Standards
     2.2 Other References
    SECTION 3
     3.1 Terms
     3.2 Symbols and Abbreviations
    SECTION 4
     4.1 General
     4.2 Mechanical and Metallurgical Failure Mechanisms
     4.3 Uniform or Localized Loss of Thickness
     4.4 High Temperature Corrosion [>400 degrees F
         (204 degrees C)]
     4.5 Environment - Assisted Cracking
    SECTION 5
     5.1 General
     5.2 Process Unit PFD's
    ANNEX A
     A.1 Introduction
     A.2 Inquiry Format

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Gives general guidance as to the most likely damage mechanisms affecting common alloys used in the refining and petrochemical industry and is intended to introduce the concepts of service-induced deterioration and failure modes.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Development Note French and German translations of 1ED 2003 edition are still available, see API 571 FRENCH and API 571 GERMAN records respectively. (04/2011) Also available in Chinese edition, see API 571 CHINESE. (04/2016)
    Document Type Standard
    Publisher American Petroleum Institute
    Status Superseded
    Superseded By
    Supersedes

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    API 574 REDLINE : 2009 INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PIPING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
    API 578 REDLINE : 2010 MATERIAL VERIFICATION PROGRAM FOR NEW AND EXISTING ALLOY PIPING SYSTEMS
    EI SAND EROSION & EROSION-CORROSION : 2017 GUIDELINES ON SAND EROSION AND EROSION-CORROSION MANAGEMENT
    API 664 : 2014 SPIRAL PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS
    BS EN ISO 12211:2012 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Spiral plate heat exchangers
    API 572 CHINESE : 2009 INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PRESSURE VESSELS
    NACE SP 04 07 : 2013 FORMAT, CONTENT, AND OTHER GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING A MATERIALS SELECTION DIAGRAM
    API 572 : 2016 INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PRESSURE VESSELS
    NACE RP 02 05 : 2005 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR THE DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND INSPECTION OF TANKS FOR THE STORAGE OF PETROLEUM REFINING ALKYLATION UNIT SPENT SULFURIC ACID AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES
    API 575 : 2014 INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANKS
    ASME PTB 2 : 2009 GUIDE TO LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT INTEGRITY
    PIP VECV1001 : 2017 DESIGN CRITERIA AND PURCHASING REQUIREMENTS FOR VESSELS ASME CODE SECTION 8, DIVISIONS 1 AND 2
    ASME FFS 1 : 2007 FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE
    BS EN ISO 12212:2012 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Hairpin-type heat exchangers
    API 572 REDLINE : 2009 INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PRESSURE VESSELS
    API 581 REDLINE : 2008 RISK-BASED INSPECTION TECHNOLOGY
    API 584 : 2014 INTEGRITY OPERATING WINDOWS
    API 660 : 2015 SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
    EN 16991:2018 Risk-based inspection framework
    I.S. EN ISO 13706:2011 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS (ISO 13706:2011)
    ASME PCC 2 : 2015 REPAIR OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT AND PIPING
    API 570 REDLINE : 2009 PIPING INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION OF PIPING SYSTEMS
    UNI/TS 11325-1 : 2009 PRESSURE EQUIPMENT - PUTTING INTO SERVICE AND USE OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT AND ASSEMBLIES - PART 1: ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRITY AND EFFICIENCY OF IN-SERVICE PIPELINES FOR THE PURPOSES OF PERIODIC REQUALIFICATION
    API TR 942-B : 2017 MATERIAL, FABRICATION, AND REPAIR CONSIDERATIONS FOR AUSTENITIC ALLOYS SUBJECT TO EMBRITTELEMENT AND CRACKING IN HIGH TEMPERATURE 565 DEGREES C TO 760 DEGREES C (1050 DEGREES F TO 1400 DEGREES F) REFINERY SERVICES
    API 663 : 2014 HAIRPIN-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS
    API RP 2611 : 2011 TERMINAL PIPING INSPECTION - INSPECTION OF IN-SERVICE TERMINAL PIPING SYSTEMS
    API 578 : 2018 GUIDELINES FOR A MATERIAL VERIFICATION PROGRAM (MVP) FOR NEW AND EXISTING ASSETS
    API 939-C : 2009 GUIDELINES FOR AVOIDING SULFIDATION (SULFIDIC) CORROSION FAILURES IN OIL REFINERIES
    I.S. EN 16991:2018 RISK-BASED INSPECTION FRAMEWORK
    I.S. EN ISO 12211:2012 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - SPIRAL PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS (ISO 12211:2012)
    NACE SP 02 05 : 2010 DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND INSPECTION OF TANKS FOR THE STORAGE OF PETROLEUM REFINING ALKYLATION UNIT SPENT SULFURIC ACID AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES
    UNI EN ISO 12211 : 2012 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - SPIRAL PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS
    API 551 : 2016 PROCESS MEASUREMENT
    EEMUA 211 : 2016 GUIDANCE ON THE SPECIFICATION OF PRESSURE VESSELS
    EN ISO 12212:2012 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Hairpin-type heat exchangers (ISO 12212:2012)
    EN ISO 12211:2012 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Spiral plate heat exchangers (ISO 12211:2012)
    UNI EN ISO 13706 : 2012 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS
    I.S. EN ISO 12212:2012 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - HAIRPIN-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS (ISO 12212:2012)
    API 570 : 2016 PIPING INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION OF PIPING SYSTEMS
    10/30196259 DC : 0 BS EN ISO 12212 - PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - HAIRPIN-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS
    API 661 : 2015 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL, AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - AIR-COOLED HEAT EXCHANGERS
    EEMUA 230 : 2014 AGEING ROTATING EQUIPMENT - GUIDE FOR MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION
    API 970 : 2017 CORROSION CONTROL DOCUMENTS
    API 573 : 2013 INSPECTION OF FIRED BOILERS AND HEATERS
    API 510 CHINESE : 2014 PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION
    API 570 CHINESE : 2009 PIPING INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION OF PIPING SYSTEMS
    API 691 : 2017 RISK-BASED MACHINERY MANAGEMENT
    UNI EN ISO 12212 : 2012 PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - HAIRPIN-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS
    API 579-1 : 2016 FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE
    ISO 13706:2011 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Air-cooled heat exchangers
    ISO 12212:2012 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Hairpin-type heat exchangers
    EN ISO 13706:2011 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Air-cooled heat exchangers (ISO 13706:2011)
    NACE 34108 : 0 REVIEW AND SURVEY OF ALKALINE CARBONATE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING IN REFINERY SOUR WATERS
    16/30337806 DC : 0 BS EN 16991 - RISK BASED INSPECTION FRAMEWORK (RBIF)
    API 580 : 2016 RISK-BASED INSPECTION
    API 510 : 2014 PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION
    NACE SP 04 03 : 2015 AVOIDING CAUSTIC STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF REFINERY EQUIPMENT AND PIPING
    API 576 : 2017 INSPECTION OF PRESSURE-RELIEVING DEVICES
    API 574 : 2016 INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PIPING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
    API 580 REDLINE : 2009 RISK-BASED INSPECTION
    API 574 CHINESE : 2009 INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR PIPING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
    UNI/TS 11325-9 : 2013 PRESSURE EQUIPMENT - PUTTING INTO SERVICE AND USE OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT AND ASSEMBLIES - PART 9: FITNESS FOR SERVICE
    API 585 : 2014 PRESSURE EQUIPMENT INTEGRITY INCIDENT INVESTIGATION
    UNI/TS 11325-8 : 2013 PRESSURE EQUIPMENT - PUTTING INTO SERVICE AND USE OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT AND ASSEMBLIES - PART 8: PLANNING OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE BY MEANS OF TECHNIQUES BASED ON RISK ASSESSMENT (RBI)
    API 583 : 2014 CORROSION UNDER INSULATION AND FIREPROOFING
    API 575 CHINESE : 2014 INSPECTION PRACTICES FOR ATMOSPHERIC AND LOW-PRESSURE STORAGE TANKS
    API 581 : 2016 RISK-BASED INSPECTION METHODOLOGY
    BS EN ISO 13706:2011 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. Aircooled heat exchangers
    ISO 12211:2012 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Spiral plate heat exchangers

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    NACE 8X194 : 2006 MATERIALS AND FABRICATION PRACTICES FOR NEW PRESSURE VESSELS USED IN WET H[2]S REFINERY SERVICE
    ASME PV CODE 8 DIV 2 : 2017 BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE - RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS DIVISION 2- ALTERNATIVE RULES
    API 932B : 2012 DESIGN, MATERIALS, FABRICATION, OPERATION, AND INSPECTION GUIDELINES FOR CORROSION CONTROL IN HYDROPROCESSING REACTOR EFFLUENT AIR COOLER (REAC) SYSTEMS
    API 934-C : 2008 MATERIALS AND FABRICATION OF 1 [1/4]CR-[1/2]MO STEEL HEAVY WALL PRESSURE VESSELS FOR HIGH-PRESSURE HYDROGEN SERVICE OPERATING AT OR BELOW 825 DEGREES F (441 DEGREES C)
    ASME PV CODE 8 DIV 1 : 2017 BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE - RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE VESSELS DIVISION 1
    API 653 : 2014 TANK INSPECTION, REPAIR, ALTERATION, AND RECONSTRUCTION
    API 581 : 2016 RISK-BASED INSPECTION METHODOLOGY
    API 510 : 2014 PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION
    NACE RP 01 98 : 2004 THE CONTROL OF CORROSION UNDER THERMAL INSULATION AND FIREPROOFING MATERIALS - A SYSTEMS APPROACH
    API 939-E : 2013 IDENTIFICATION, REPAIR, AND MITIGATION OF CRACKING OF STEEL EQUIPMENT IN FUEL ETHANOL SERVICE
    API TR 934-D : 2010 TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE MATERIALS AND FABRICATION ISSUES OF 1[1/4]CR-[1/2]MO AND 1CR-[1/2]MO STEEL PRESSURE VESSELS
    API 578 : 2010 GUIDELINES FOR A MATERIAL VERIFICATION PROGRAM (MVP) FOR NEW AND EXISTING ASSETS
    API 580 : 2016 RISK-BASED INSPECTION
    NACE 34105 : 0 EFFECT OF NONEXTRACTABLE CHLORIDES ON REFINERY CORROSION AND FOULING
    NACE SP 04 72 : 2015 METHODS AND CONTROLS TO PREVENT IN-SERVICE ENVIRONMENTAL CRACKING OF CARBON STEEL WELDMENTS IN CORROSIVE PETROLEUM REFINING ENVIRONMENTS
    API 939-C : 2009 GUIDELINES FOR AVOIDING SULFIDATION (SULFIDIC) CORROSION FAILURES IN OIL REFINERIES
    ASME FFS 1 : 2007 FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE
    API 660 : 2015 SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
    NACE SP 05 90 : 2015 PREVENTION, DETECTION, AND CORRECTION OF DEAERATOR CRACKING
    API 941 : 2016 STEELS FOR HYDROGEN SERVICE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES IN PETROLEUM REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS
    API 530 : 2015 CALCULATION OF HEATER-TUBE THICKNESS IN PETROLEUM REFINERIES
    NACE RP 02 96 : 2004 GUIDELINES FOR DETECTION, REPAIR, AND MITIGATION OF CRACKING OF EXISTING PETROLEUM REFINERY PRESSURE VESSELS IN WET H[2]S ENVIRONMENTS
    NACE RP 01 70 : 2004 PROTECTION OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS AND OTHER AUSTENITIC ALLOYS FROM POLYTHIONIC ACID STRESS CORROSION CRACKING DURING SHUTDOWN OF REFINERY EQUIPMENT
    API TR 939-D : 2007 STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF CARBON STEEL IN FUEL-GRADE ETHANOL: REVIEW, EXPERIENCE SURVEY, FIELD MONITORING, AND LABORATORY TESTING
    API 934-A : 2008 MATERIALS AND FABRICATION OF 2 [1/4]CR-1MO, 2 [1/4]CR-1MO-[1/4]V, 3CR-1MO, AND 3CR-1MO-[1/4]V STEEL HEAVY WALL PRESSURE VESSELS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE, HIGH-PRESSURE HYDROGEN SERVICE
    API 582 : 2016 WELDING GUIDELINES FOR THE CHEMICAL, OIL, AND GAS INDUSTRIES
    API 934-E : 2010 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR MATERIALS AND FABRICATION OF 1[1/4]CR-[1/2]MO STEEL PRESSURE VESSELS FOR SERVICE ABOVE 825 DEGREES F (440 DEGREES C)
    API TR 934-B : 2011 FABRICATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR VANADIUM-MODIFIED CR-MO STEEL HEAVY WALL PRESSURE VESSELS
    API 570 : 2016 PIPING INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION OF PIPING SYSTEMS
    ASME PV CODE 3 APP DIV 1 : 2017 BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE - RULES FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR FACILITY COMPONENTS - APPENDICES
    NACE RP 01 69 : 2002 CONTROL OF EXTERNAL CORROSION ON UNDERGROUND OR SUBMERGED METALLIC PIPING SYSTEMS
    API 579-1 : 2016 FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE
    NACE 5A171 : 2007 MATERIALS FOR STORING AND HANDLING COMMERCIAL GRADES OF AQUEOUS HYDROFLUORIC ACID AND ANHYDROUS HYDROGEN FLUORIDE
    NACE RP 02 94 : 0 DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND INSPECTION OF TANKS FOR THE STORAGE OF CONCENTRATED SULFURIC ACID AND OLEUM AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES
    NACE 34108 : 0 REVIEW AND SURVEY OF ALKALINE CARBONATE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING IN REFINERY SOUR WATERS
    API 577 : 2013 WELDING PROCESSES, INSPECTION, AND METALLURGY
    NACE SP 04 03 : 2015 AVOIDING CAUSTIC STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF REFINERY EQUIPMENT AND PIPING
    API 751 : 2013 SAFE OPERATION OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID ALKYLATION UNITS
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