This Standard provides an outline for an approach to controlling fraud and corruption and, subject to the guidance at Clause 1.2 below, is intended to apply to all entities including government sector agencies, publicly listed corporations, private corporations, other business entities and not-for-profit organizations engaged in business or business-like activities.(a) Fraud and corruption contemplated by the Standard fall into three main categories - (b) fraud involving the misappropriation of assets;fraud involving the manipulation of financial reporting (either internal or external to the reporting entity); and(c) corruption involving abuse of position for personal gain.