Sampling, conditioning, determination of thickness; apparent density; tensile strength, elongation by a specified load and at break; tearing load; resistance to grain cracking; distension and strength of grain by ball burst test; two-dimensional extension; set inlasting with dome plasticity apparatus; resistance to compression; indentation index; flexing endurance of light leathers and their surface finishes. Assessment of damage by viewing box; scuff damage by impact; surface shrinkage in boiling water; shrinkage temperature; absorption of water; free water and loss on soaking; water penetration pressure. Dynamic waterproofness for boot and shoe upper leather and sole leather; waterproofness of gloving leathers and water vapour permeability.