This International Standard specifies the application layer core which provides communication tools for applications based on DSRC. These tools consist of kernels that can be used by application processes via service primitives. The application processes, including application data and application-specific functions, are outside the scope of this International Standard. This International Standard is named “application layer”, although it does not cover all functionality of OSI Layer7 and it includes functionality from lower layers. It uses services provided by DSRC data link layer, and covers functionality of intermediate layers of the “OSI Basic Reference Model” (ISO/IEC7498-1). Figure2 illustrates the global data flow between the parts of the DSRC stack (physical, data link and application layers) and the application. Figure2 Architecture and data flow of the DSRC stack NOTE For definitions of the terms used in Figure2, see ISO/IEC7498-1. The following subjects are covered by this International Standard: application layer structure and framework; services to enable data transfer and remote operations; application multiplexing procedure; fragmentation procedure; concatenation and chaining procedures; common encoding rules to translate data from abstract syntax ASN.1 (ISO/IEC8824-1) into transfer syntax (ISO/IEC8825-2:2008) and vice versa; communication initialisation and release procedures; broadcast service support; DSRC management support including communication profile handling; and extensibility for different lower layer services and application interfaces. It is outside the scope of this International Standard to define a security policy. Some transport mechanisms for security-related data are provided. NOTE No implementation of the “broadcast pool” functionality has become known. “Broadcast pool” functionality is therefore considered untested.