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  • EN 14918:2009

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    Superseded A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.
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    Solid biofuels - Determination of calorific value

    Available format(s): 

    Superseded date:  01-05-2017

    Language(s): 

    Published date:  23-12-2009

    Publisher:  Comite Europeen de Normalisation

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Foreword
    1 Scope
    2 Normative references
    3 Terms and definitions
    4 Principle
    5 Reagents
    6 Apparatus
    7 Preparation of test sample
    8 Calorimetric procedure
    9 Calibration
    10 Gross calorific value
    11 Precision
    12 Calculation of net calorific value at constant pressure
    13 Test report
    Annex A (normative) Adiabatic bomb calorimeters
    Annex B (normative) Isoperibol and static-jacket bomb
            calorimeters
    Annex C (normative) Automated bomb calorimeters
    Annex D (informative) Checklists for the design and procedures
            of combustion experiments
    Annex E (informative) Examples to illustrate the main
            calculations used in this document when an automated
            bomb calorimeter is used for determinations
    Annex F (informative) List of symbols used in this document
    Annex G (informative) Key-word index
    Annex H (informative) Default values of most used biofuels for
            the calculations of calorific values
    Annex I (informative) Flow chart for a routine calorific value
            determination
    Bibliography

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the gross calorific value of a solid biofuel at constant volume and at the reference temperature 25 °C in a bomb calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid.The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the analysis sample at constant volume with all the water of the combustion products as liquid water. In practice, biofuels are burned at constant (atmospheric) pressure and the water is either not condensed (removed as vapour with the flue gases) or condensed. Under both conditions, the operative heat of combustion to be used is the net calorific value of the fuel at constant pressure. The net calorific value at constant volume may also be used; formulae are given for calculating both values.General principles and procedures for the calibrations and the biofuel experiments are presented in the main text, whereas those pertaining to the use of a particular type of calorimetric instrument are described in Annexes A to C. Annex D contains checklists for performing calibration and fuel experiments using specified types of calorimeters. Annex E gives examples to illustrate some of the calculations.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee CEN/TC 335
    Development Note Supersedes CEN/TS 14918. (01/2010) Supersedes PREN 14918. (11/2010)
    Document Type Standard
    Publisher Comite Europeen de Normalisation
    Status Superseded
    Superseded By
    Supersedes

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    UNE-EN 14961-1:2011 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 1: General requirements
    UNE-EN 14961-4:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
    10/30212565 DC : 0 BS EN 14780 - SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION
    11/30244615 DC : 0 BS EN 15234-6 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    11/30244599 DC : 0 BS EN 14961-6 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    PREN 15234-2 : DRAFT 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    BS EN 15234-4:2012 Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Wood chips for non-industrial use
    DIN EN ISO 16559 E : 2014 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (ISO 16559:2014)
    BS EN 14961-2:2011 Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Wood pellets for non-industrial use
    10/30218997 DC : 0 BS EN 14961-2 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    10/30219399 DC : DRAFT JULY 2010 BS EN 15296 - SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
    BS EN 14961-1:2010 Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes General requirements
    I.S. EN 14780:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION
    NF EN 14961-3 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    BS EN 14961-3:2011 Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
    DIN EN 15234-2:2012-04 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use
    BS EN 15234-6:2012 Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
    UNI EN 14961-4 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNE-EN 15234-4:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
    NF EN 14961-2 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    I.S. EN 15234-2:2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    EN 14961-1:2010 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 1: General requirements
    EN 14780:2011 Solid biofuels - Sample preparation
    CEN/TS 16023:2013 Characterization of waste - Determination of gross calorific value and calculation of net calorific value
    EN 14961-3:2011 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
    EN 15296:2011 Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another
    EN 14961-2:2011 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use
    EN 14961-4:2011 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
    EN ISO 16559 : 2014 COR 2014 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (ISO 16559:2014)
    12/30260516 DC BS EN 15250 - SLOW HEAT RELEASE APPLIANCES FIRED BY SOLID FUEL - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
    BS EN 15821:2010 Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs. Requirements and test methods
    DIN EN 15821:2011-01 Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs - Requirements and test methods
    DIN EN 15234-6:2012-04 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
    11/30244602 DC : 0 BS EN 15234-2 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNI EN 15400 : 2011 SOLID RECOVERED FUELS - DETERMINATION OF CALORIFIC VALUE
    DIN EN 14961-6:2012-04 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNE-EN 15821:2011 Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs - Requirements and test methods
    PREN 14961-3 : DRAFT 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNI EN 15234-4 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNE-EN 15400:2011 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of calorific value
    UNI EN 14961-6 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    BS EN 14780:2011 Solid biofuels. Sample preparation
    PREN 15234-4 : DRAFT 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNE-EN 15289:2011 Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine
    DIN EN 14780:2011-09 SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION
    BS EN 15289:2011 Solid biofuels. Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine
    UNE-EN 15234-2:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use
    BS EN 14961-6:2012 Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
    NF EN 15296 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
    NF EN 14961-6 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    BS ISO 18466:2016 Stationary source emissions. Determination of the biogenic fraction in C O2 in stack gas using the balance method
    DIN EN 15821 E : 2011 MULTI-FIRING SAUNA STOVES FIRED BY NATURAL WOOD LOGS - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
    UNE-EN 14961-2:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use
    DIN EN 14961-2:2011-09 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    BS EN 15400:2011 Solid recovered fuels. Determination of calorific value
    13/30277482 DC : 0 BS EN ISO 16993 - SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
    EN 15400:2011 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of calorific value
    NF EN 14961-4 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    CSA ISO 16559 : 2015 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS
    S.R. CEN/TS 16023:2013 CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE - DETERMINATION OF GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE AND CALCULATION OF NET CALORIFIC VALUE
    ISO 18466:2016 Stationary source emissions — Determination of the biogenic fraction in CO2 in stack gas using the balance method
    I.S. EN 14961-3:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNI EN 15289 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE
    DIN EN 15296:2011-04 SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
    PREN 15234-6 : DRAFT 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNI CEN/TS 16023 : 2014 CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTE - DETERMINATION OF GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE AND CALCULATION OF NET CALORIFIC VALUE
    10/30219003 DC : 0 BS EN 14961-4 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    DIN EN 15400:2011-05 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of calorific value
    BS EN 15234-2:2012 Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Wood pellets for non-industrial use
    BS EN 15296:2011 Solid biofuels. Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another
    PD CEN/TS 16023:2013 Characterization of waste. Determination of gross calorific value and calculation of net calorific value
    DIN EN 14961-3:2011-09 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    BS EN 15234-3:2012 Solid biofuels. Fuel quality assurance Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
    13/30277477 DC : 0 BS EN ISO 16994 - SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULPHUR AND CHLORINE
    UNE-EN ISO 16559:2015 Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions (ISO 16559:2014)
    UNI EN 15821 : 2010 MULTI-FIRING SAUNA STOVES FIRED BY NATURAL WOOD LOGS - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
    DIN EN 15234-4:2012-04 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
    DIN EN 15289:2011-04 SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE
    13/30241775 DC : 0 BS EN ISO 16559 - SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS
    BS EN ISO 16559:2014 Solid biofuels. Terminology, definitions and descriptions
    UNI EN 15234-6 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNI EN 15234-3 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    DIN EN 14961-4:2011-09 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNI EN 15234-2 : 2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNE-EN 14961-6:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
    UNI EN 15296 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
    NF EN 15821 : 2010 MULTI-FIRING SAUNA STOVES FIRED BY NATURAL WOODS LOGS - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
    I.S. EN ISO 16559:2014 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (ISO 16559:2014)
    I.S. EN 14961-4:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    I.S. EN 14961-6:2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    I.S. EN 15821:2010 MULTI-FIRING SAUNA STOVES FIRED BY NATURAL WOOD LOGS - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
    UNI EN 14961-3 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    I.S. EN 15296:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
    I.S. EN 14961-2:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    I.S. EN 15400:2011 SOLID RECOVERED FUELS - DETERMINATION OF CALORIFIC VALUE
    EN 15234-2:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use
    EN 14961-6:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
    EN 15821:2010 Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs - Requirements and test methods
    EN 15234-3:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
    EN 15234-4:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use
    EN 15234-6:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
    DIN EN 14961-1:2010-04 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
    DIN EN 15234-3:2012-04 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
    UNE-EN 15296:2011 Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another
    11/30244609 DC : 0 BS EN 15234-4 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    10/30219000 DC : 0 BS EN 14961-3 - SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNE-EN 14780:2012 Solid biofuels - Sample preparation
    BS EN 14961-4:2011 Solid biofuels. Fuel specifications and classes Wood chips for non-industrial use
    UNE-EN 14961-3:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel specifications and classes - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
    I.S. EN 15234-4:2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 4: WOOD CHIPS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    PREN 15250 : DRAFT 2012 SLOW HEAT RELEASE APPLIANCES FIRED BY SOLID FUEL - REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS
    PREN 14961-2 : DRAFT 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNI EN 14780 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION
    10/30219387 DC : 0 BS EN 15289 - SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULPHUR AND CHLORINE
    16/30275160 DC : 0 BS ISO 18466 - STATIONARY SOURCE EMISSIONS - DETERMINATION OF THE BIOGENIC FRACTION IN CO[2]IN STACK GAS USING THE BALANCE METHOD
    UNI EN ISO 16559 : 2014 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS
    DIN EN ISO 16559:2014-12 Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions (ISO 16559:2014)
    UNI EN 14961-2 : 2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 2: WOOD PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNE-EN 15234-6:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use
    I.S. EN 15234-6:2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 6: NON-WOODY PELLETS FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    I.S. EN 15289:2011 SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE
    UNE-EN 15234-3:2012 Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use
    CSA ISO 16994 : 2015 SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE
    I.S. EN 15234-3:2012 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 3: WOOD BRIQUETTES FOR NON-INDUSTRIAL USE
    UNI EN 14961-1 : 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
    CSA ISO 16993 : 2015 SOLID BIOFUELS - CONVERSION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FROM ONE BASIS TO ANOTHER
    PREN ISO 16559 : DRAFT 2013 SOLID BIOFUELS - TERMINOLOGY, DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS (ISO/DIS 16559:2013)
    NF EN 14961-1 : 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
    I.S. EN 14961-1:2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL SPECIFICATIONS AND CLASSES - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
    ISO 16559:2014 Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions
    EN 15289:2011 Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    ISO 1928:2009 Solid mineral fuels Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimetric method and calculation of net calorific value
    PREN 15289 : DRAFT 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - DETERMINATION OF TOTAL CONTENT OF SULFUR AND CHLORINE
    EN 14774-2:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 2: Total moisture - Simplified method
    ISO 10304-1:2007 Water quality Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate
    PREN 15234-1 : DRAFT 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - FUEL QUALITY ASSURANCE - PART 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
    PREN 14780 : DRAFT 2010 SOLID BIOFUELS - SAMPLE PREPARATION
    ISO 651:1975 Solid-stem calorimeter thermometers
    ISO 652:1975 Enclosed-scale calorimeter thermometers
    EN 14774-1:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 1: Total moisture - Reference method
    EN 14774-3:2009 Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample
    CEN/TS 15289:2006 Solid Biofuels - Determination of total content of sulphur and chlorine
    EN ISO 10304-1:2009 Water quality - Determination of dissolved anions by liquid chromatography of ions - Part 1: Determination of bromide, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate (ISO 10304-1:2007)
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