• IEEE 551 : 2006

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    CALCULATING SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENTS IN INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS

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    Withdrawn date:  17-10-2023

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    Published date:  01-01-2006

    Publisher:  Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Chapter 1 - Introduction
      1.1 Scope
      1.2 Definitions
      1.3 Acronyms and abbreviations
      1.4 Bibliography
      1.5 Manufacturers' data sources
    Chapter 2 - Description of a short-circuit current
      2.1 Introduction
      2.2 Available short-circuit
      2.3 Symmetrical and asymmetrical currents
      2.4 Short-circuit calculations
      2.5 Total short-circuit current
      2.6 Why short-circuit currents are asymmetrical
      2.7 DC component of short-circuit currents
      2.8 Significance of current asymmetry
      2.9 The application of current asymmetry information
      2.10 Maximum peak current
      2.11 Types of faults
      2.12 Arc resistance
      2.13 Bibliography
    Chapter 3 - Calculating techniques
      3.1 Introduction
      3.2 Fundamental principles
      3.3 Short-circuit calculation procedure
      3.4 One-line diagram
      3.5 Per-unit and ohmic manipulations
      3.6 Network theorems and calculation techniques
      3.7 Extending a three-phase short-circuit calculation
           procedures program to calculate short-circuit
           currents for single-phase branches
      3.8 Representing transformers with non-base voltages
      3.9 Specific time period and variations on fault
           calculations
      3.10 Determination of X/R ratios for ANSI fault calculations
      3.11 Three winding transformers
      3.12 Duplex reactor
      3.13 Significant cable lengths
      3.14 Equivalent circuits
      3.15 Zero sequence line representation
      3.16 Equipment data required for short-circuit calculations
      3.17 Bibliography
    Chapter 4 - Calculating short-circuit currents for systems
                without ac delay
      4.1 Introduction
      4.2 Purpose
      4.3 ANSI guidelines
      4.4 Fault calculations
      4.5 Sample calculations
      4.6 Sample computer printout
      4.7 Conclusions
      4.8 Bibliography
    Chapter 5 - Calculating ac short-circuit currents for systems
                with contributions from synchronous machines
      5.1 Introduction
      5.2 Purpose
      5.3 ANSI guidelines
      5.4 Fault calculations
      5.5 Nature of synchronous machine contributions
      5.6 Synchronous machine reactances
      5.7 One-line diagram data
      5.8 Sample calculations
      5.9 Sample computer printout
      5.10 Sample computer printout for larger system calculations
      5.11 Conclusions
      5.12 Bibliography
    Chapter 6 - Calculating ac short-circuit currents for systems
                with contributions from induction motors
      6.1 Introduction
      6.2 Purpose
      6.3 ANSI guidelines
      6.4 Fault calculations
      6.5 Nature of induction motor contributions
      6.6 Large induction motors with prolonged contributions
      6.7 Data accuracy
      6.8 Details of induction motor contribution calculations
           according to ANSI standard application guides
      6.9 Recommended practice based on ANSI-approved standards
           for representing induction motors in multi-voltage
           system studies
      6.10 One-line diagram data
      6.11 Sample calculations
      6.12 Sample computer printout
      6.13 Bibliography
    Chapter 7 - Capacitor contributions to short-circuit currents
      7.1 Introduction
      7.2 Capacitor discharge current
      7.3 Transient simulations
      7.4 Summary
      7.5 Bibliography
    Chapter 8 - Static converter contributions to short-circuit
                currents
      8.1 Introduction
      8.2 Definitions of converter types
      8.3 Converter circuits and their equivalent parameters
      8.4 Short-circuit current contribution from the dc system
           to an ac short circuit
      8.5 Analysis of converter dc faults
      8.6 Short circuit between the converter dc terminals
      8.7 Arc-back short circuits
      8.8 Examples
      8.9 Conclusions
      8.10 Bibliography
    Chapter 9 - Calculating ac short-circuit currents in
                accordance with ANSI-approved standards
      9.1 Introduction
      9.2 Basic assumptions and system modelling
      9.3 ANSI recommended practice for ac decrement modelling
      9.4 ANSI practice for dc decrement modelling
      9.5 ANSI-conformable fault calculations
      9.6 ANSI-approved standards and interrupting duties
      9.7 One-line diagram layout and data
      9.8 First cycle duty sample calculations
      9.9 Interrupting duty sample calculations
      9.10 Applying ANSI calculations to non-60 Hz systems
      9.11 Normative references
      9.12 Bibliography
    Chapter 10 - Application of short-circuit interrupting
                 equipment
     10.1 Introduction
     10.2 Purpose
     10.3 Application considerations
     10.4 Equipment data
     10.5 Fully rated systems
     10.6 Low voltage series rated equipment
     10.7 Low voltage circuit breaker short-circuit capabilities
           less than rating
     10.8 Equipment checklist for short-circuit currents
           evaluation
     10.9 Equipment phase duty calculations
     10.10 Equipment ground fault duty calculations
     10.11 Capacitor Switching
     10.12 Normative references
    Chapter 11 - Unbalanced short-circuit currents
     11.1 Introduction
     11.2 Purpose
     11.3 ANSI guidelines
     11.4 Procedure
     11.5 Connection of sequence networks
     11.6 Sample calculations
     11.7 Conclusions
     11.8 Bibliography
    Chapter 12 - Short-circuit calculations under international
                 standards
     12.1 Introduction
     12.2 System modelling and methodologies
     12.3 Voltage factors
     12.4 Short circuit currents per IEC 60909
     12.5 Short circuits "far from generator"
     12.6 Short circuits "near generator"
     12.7 Influence of the motors
     12.8 Fault calculations in complex systems
     12.9 Comparing the ANSI-approved standards with IEC 909
     12.10 Sample calculations
     12.11 Normative references
     12.12 Bibliography

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Explains short-circuit current information including calculated short-circuit current duties for the application in industrial plants and commercial buildings, at all power system voltages, of power system equipment that senses, carries, or interrupts short-circuit currents.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Development Note Supersedes IEEE DRAFT 551. (11/2006)
    Document Type Standard
    Publisher Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
    Status Withdrawn
    Supersedes

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    UFC 3-501-01 : 2015 UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    IEEE 1584-2002 IEEE Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations
    IEEE 1584.1-2022 REDLINE IEEE Guide for the Specification of Scope and Deliverable Requirements for an Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study in Accordance with IEEE Std 1584
    IEEE 3004.5-2014 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Application of Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
    PD IEC/PAS 80005-3:2014 Utility connections in port Low Voltage Shore Connection (LVSC) Systems. General requirements
    CSA C22.4 No. 1 : 2009(R2018) OBJECTIVE-BASED INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL CODE
    IEEE 1458-2005 IEEE Recommended Practice for the Selection, Field Testing, and Life Expectancy of Molded Case Circuit Breakers for Industrial Applications
    IEEE 1547.2 : 2008 APPLICATION GUIDE FOR IEEE STD 1547[TM], IEEE STANDARD FOR INTERCONNECTING DISTRIBUTED RESOURCES WITH ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS
    CSA C22.4 PACKAGE : 2009 CONSISTS OF C22.4 NO. 1-09, OBJECTIVE-BASED INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL CODE AND C22.4 NO. 2-09, OBJECTIVE-BASED INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL CODE - SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
    IEEE 1729-2014 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution System Analysis
    IEC PAS 80005-3:2014 Utility connections in port - Part 3: Low Voltage Shore Connection (LVSC) Systems - General requirements

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    IEC 60038:2009 IEC standard voltages
    IEEE C37.46-2010 FOR HIGH VOLTAGE EXPULSION AND CURRENT-LIMITING TYPE POWER CLASS FUSES AND FUSE DISCONNECTING SWITCHES
    IEEE C37.32-2002 American National Standard for High Voltage Switches, Bus Supports, and Accessories Schedules of Preferred Ratings, Construction Guidelines, and Specifications
    IEEE 241 : 1990 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
    ANSI C37.5 : 1979 METHODS FOR DETERMINATION VALUES OF A SINUSOIDAL CURRENT WAVE, A NORMAL FREQUENCY RECOVERY VOLTAGE AND A GUIDE FOR CALCULATION OF FAULT CURRENT APPLICATION OF AC HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS
    NEMA MG 1 : 2016 MOTORS AND GENERATORS
    IEEE C37.42-2009 SWITCHGEAR DISTRIBUTION CUTOUTS AND FUSE LINKS SPECIFICATIONS
    ANSI C37.50 : 1989 SWITCHGEAR - LOW VOLTAGE AC POWER CIRCUIT BREAKERS USED IN ENCLOSURES - TEST PROCEDURES
    IEEE 260.1 : 2004 LETTER SYMBOLS FOR UNITS OF MEASUREMENT (SI UNITS, CUSTOMARY INCH-POUND UNITS, AND CERTAIN OTHER UNITS)
    IEC 60909-0:2016 Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems - Part 0: Calculation of currents
    IEC 60781:1989 Application guide for calculation of short-circuit currents in low-voltage radial systems
    IEEE 493 : 2007 DESIGN OF RELIABLE INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS
    IEC 61363-1:1998 Electrical installations of ships and mobile and fixed offshore units - Part 1: Procedures for calculating short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c.
    ANSI C37.44 : 1981 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION OIL CUTOUTS AND FUSE LINKS
    IEEE 315 : 1975 GRAPHIC SYMBOLS FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS DIAGRAMS (INCLUDING REFERENCE DESIGNATION LETTERS)
    IEEE 268-1992 American National Standard for Metric Practice
    ANSI C97.1 : 1972
    IEEE 242-2001 IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Buff Book)
    IEEE C37.010-1999 IEEE Application Guide for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis
    IEEE C37.13-2015 REDLINE IEEE Standard for Low-Voltage AC Power Circuit Breakers Used in Enclosures
    IEEE C37.45-2007 SPECIFICATIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION ENCLOSED SINGLE-POLE AIR SWITCHES
    IEEE C37.34-1994 IEEE Standard Test Code for High-Voltage Air Switches
    IEEE 142 : 2007 GROUNDING OF INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL POWER SYSTEMS
    IEEE C57.109-1993 IEEE Guide for Liquid-Immersed Transformers Through-Fault-Current Duration
    NFPA 70 : 2017 NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE
    IEEE C37.06-2009 AC HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS RATED ON A SYMMETRICAL CURRENT BASIS - PREFERRED RATINGS AND RELATED REQUIRED CAPABILITIES
    IEEE C37.09-1999 IEEE Standard Test Procedure for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis
    IEEE 1100 : 2005 POWERING AND GROUNDING ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
    IEC 60909:1988 Short-circuit current calculation in three-phase a.c. systems
    IEEE C37.012-2014 IEEE Guide for the Application of Capacitance Current Switching for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Above 1000 V
    EEE 602 : 2007 ELECTRIC SYSTEMS IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
    IEEE C37.41-2008 REDLINE IEEE Standard Design Tests for High-Voltage (>1000 V) Fuses, Fuse and Disconnecting Cutouts, Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole Air Switches, Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Fuse Links and Accessories Used with These Devices
    IEEE C37.30-1997 IEEE Standard Requirements for High Voltage Switches
    NEMA AB 1 Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Molded Case Switches, and Circuit-Breaker Enclosures
    IEEE C37.04-1999 IEEE Standard Rating Structure for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers
    IEEE 141 : 1993 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants
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