Co-operating organizations
Foreword
Specification
0 Introduction
Section one. General
1 Scope
2 References
Section two. Notation, units, and definitions
3 Notation and units
4 As-run heat rate
5 Fully-corrected heat rate
6 Output definitions
Section three. Guiding principles
7 Items on which it is essential that agreement is
reached
8 Preparation for acceptance tests
9 Time of acceptance tests
10 Depreciation before the acceptance tests
11 Steam tables
12 Test instrumentation
13 Calibration of instruments
14 Proving runs and preliminary tests
15 Conduct of tests
16 Constancy of test conditions; permissible deviations
and fluctuations
17 Maximum permissible deviations and fluctuations in
operating conditions
18 Duration of tests and frequency of measurements
19 Reporting acceptance tests
Section four. Test isolation
20 Introduction
21 Flows that have to be isolated
22 Flows that have to be measured if not isolated
23 Suggested methods of effecting and checking
isolation
24 Test isolation procedure and isolation log sheets
25 Leakage checks
Section five. Measurement of power
26 Determination of net power output of turbine-
generator
27 Methods of measurement of electrical power
28 Electrical instrument connections
29 Electrical instruments
30 Instrument transformers
31 Calibration
32 Determination of boiler feed pump power
Section six. Measurement of fluid flow
33 Introduction
34 Position in cycle of main flow measurements
35 Use of pressure-difference devices
36 Devices available
37 Factors affecting choice of device
38 Area ratio
39 Installation of device
40 Constructional requirements for pressure-difference
devices
41 Calibration of pressure-difference devices
42 Differential pressure measurement for main flow
measurements
43 Connecting pipework to manometers
44 Secondary flow measurements
45 Pressure and temperature measurements for flow
metering
46 Stored water changes
Section seven. Measurement of temperature
47 Points of temperature measurement
48 Instruments
49 Main temperature measurements
50 Feed train temperature measurement (including bled
steam)
51 Accuracy of temperature measuring equipment
52 Thermometer wells
53 Precautions to be observed in the measurement of
temperature
Section eight. Measurement of steam quality
54 General
55 Condensing method using tracers
56 Constant rate of tracer injection method
57 Tracers and their use
Section nine. Measurement of pressure (excluding
condensing turbine exhaust pressure)
58 Pressures to be measured
59 Preferred instruments for pressure measurement
60 Pressure tapping holes
61 Connecting lines
62 Shut-off valves
63 Requisite accuracy of pressure measuring devices
64 Calibration of pressure measuring devices
65 Barometric pressure
66 Recording and correcting test readings
Section ten. Measurement of condensing turbine exhaust
pressure
67 Introduction
68 Plane of measurement
69 Pressure sensing holes
70 Manifolds
71 Connecting lines
72 Tightness of measuring system
73 Instruments for measuring exhaust pressure
74 Calibration of gauges
75 Recording and correcting test readings
Section eleven. Condenser cooling water measurements
76 Measurements that may be required
77 Temperature measurements
78 Measurement of cooling water flow
79 Condenser leakage tests
Section twelve. Data acquisition equipment
80 Introduction
81 Data logger inputs
82 Data logger outputs
83 Accuracy of recording
84 Computer control
85 Calibration of transducers
Section thirteen. Speed responsive tests
86 Object of the tests
87 Overspeed trip
88 Speed governor droop
89 Permanent and maximum momentary speed variation
90 Quality of regulation
91 Methods of measurement
Section fourteen. Calculation of corrections to test
results
92 Conditions for which corrections may be needed
93 Approach to computation of corrected heat rate and
power output
94 Corrections for terminal conditions
95 Corrections for feed train parameters
96 Correction for boiler feed pump
97 Typical results
Appendices
A Probable error in test steam or heat rate arising
from errors of measurement
B Example calculation of as-run heat rate and heat
rate corrected for feed-heating and feed pump
performance
Figures
1 Illustration of as-run heat rate for a reheating
regenerative condensing turbine with integrated
boiler feed pump turbine
2 Diagram of connections and table layout for
measuring electrical power in a three-phase circuit
using three wattmeters
3 Diagram of connections and table layout for
measuring electrical power in a three-phase circuit
using two wattmeters
4 Diagram showing location of test measurements for
superheat-reheat cycle
5 Diagram showing location of test measurements for
wet steam cycle
6 Test flow metering for two alternative positions of
main flow meters
7 Test orifice tube assembly with mild steel orifice
plate
8 Test orifice tube assembly with stainless steel
orifice plate
9 Arrangement for measuring water head pressure by
means of a Bourdon gauge
10 Arrangement for measuring water head pressure being
measured by a mercury manometer
11 Plane of exhaust pressure measurement with
underslung axial or transverse condenser
12 Plane of exhaust pressure measurement with integral
and radial type condensers
13 Plane of exhaust pressure measurement for turbine
with two side exhausts to separate condenser
14 Plane of exhaust pressure measurement for turbine
with four side outlets to separate condenser
15 Illustration of correction to heat rate for
deviation of stopvalve pressure
16 Heat rate correction curves for cycle of figure 15
Tables
1 Permissible variations and fluctuations in test
conditions
2 Typical corrections for cycle of figure 15