1 SCOPE
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Field of Application
2 REFERENCES
2.1 Applicable Documents
2.1.1 SAE Publications
2.1.2 U.S. Government Publications
2.1.3 U.S. Army Publications
2.1.4 NATO Publications
2.2 Related Publications
2.3 Definitions
2.4 Abbreviations
3 INTRODUCTION
4 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
4.1 General Requirements
4.1.1 Contract Specification
4.1.2 Military or Government Specifications
4.1.3 System Design Process
4.2 Avionic Thermal Design Considerations
4.2.1 Reliability
4.2.2 Temperature Effect an Avionic Performance
4.2.3 Environmental Requirements
4.2.4 Avionic Thermal Control
4.2.5 Avionic Integrity Requirements
4.3 Airframe Systems
4.3.1 Thermal Control Requirements
4.3.2 Trade-off Studies
4.3.3 Environmental Requirements
4.3.4 Moisture Condensation
5 INTERFACE BETWEEN AVIONICS, ECS, AND AIRCRAFT
5.1 Interface Cooling Requirements
5.2 Life Cycle Cost
5.3 Ram and Compartment Cooling Air
5.4 Air and Liquid Cooled Systems
5.4.1 Forced Air Cooling
5.4.2 Liquid Cooling Systems
5.5 Fuel Heat Sink
5.6 Installation
5.7 Weight
5.8 Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) Avionics
6 AVIONIC THERMAL CONTROL HARDWARE DESIGN/SELECTION
6.1 Line-Replaceable-Unit (Weapon Replaceable Assembly)
Thermal Design
6.1.1 Passively Cooled (Natural Convection/Radiation) LRUs
6.1.2 Actively Cooled (Forced Convection) LRUs
6.1.3 Cold Wall-Cooled LRU Thermal Design
6.2 Cold Plate Design
6.2.1 Basic Cold Wall Configurations
6.3 Heat Exchanger Design
6.3.1 Plate Fin Heat Exchangers
6.3.2 Weight and Other Considerations
6.4 Specialized Thermal Control Technologies
6.4.1 Thermoelectric Coolers
6.4.2 Heat Pipes
6.4.3 Immersion Cooling
6.4.4 Expendable Liquid Coolants
6.4.5 Liquid Coolant within Board
6.5 Thermal Analysis Methods
6.5.1 Thermal Modeling Techniques
6.5.2 Finite-Difference Modeling Techniques
6.5.3 Finite-Element Modeling Techniques
6.5.4 Computational-Fluid-Dynamics (CFD) Simulation
6.5.5 ECS Simulation
7 AIRFRAME THERMAL CONTROL HARDWARE
7.1 Heat Sink Hardware
7.1.1 Ram Air
7.1.2 Fuel
7.1.3 Expendable Liquid Heat Sinks
7.1.4 Thermal Storage
7.2 ECS Hardware
7.2.1 Transport Loops
7.2.2 Fluid Refrigeration
7.3 Thermal Analysis Methods
8 THERMAL TESTING
8.1 Thermal Testing of Avionics
8.2 Thermal Testing of Cooling Systems and ECS
9 AVIONIC THERMAL MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES
9.1 FLIR Turret Thermal Control
9.1.1 Design for Operation at High Altitude
9.1.2 Design Verification Testing
9.1.3 Problems Associated With Forced Convection Cooled
Avionics
9.2 Liquid-Cooled, Phased Array Radar System
9.2.1 Critical Design Issues
9.2.2 Temperature Gradient from Module-to-Module Across
the Array
9.2.3 Absolute Temperature of Module Components
9.2.4 Temperature Cycling
9.2.5 Module/Gold Plate Thermal Resistance
10 NOTES