BS 8576:2013

Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 General
5 Health and safety
6 Development of preliminary conceptual model and
   preliminary risk assessment
7 Setting objectives
8 Developing the investigation strategy
9 Field work - permanent gases
10 Field work - VOCs
11 Monitoring and sampling reports
12 Quality assurance
13 Refining the conceptual model
14 Report on the investigation
Annexes
Annex A (informative) - Regulation of land contamination
Annex B (informative) - Radon
Annex C (informative) - Anaerobic degradation and the
        formation of methane and carbon dioxide
Annex D (informative) - Sources, properties and hazards of
        selected gases
Annex E (informative) - Sampling protocols - Permanent
        gases
Annex F (informative) - Assessment of whether sufficient
        gas monitoring data have been collected
Annex G (informative) - Portable equipment for measurement
        of concentrations of permanent gases
Annex H (informative) - Apparatus for measurement of
        gas-flow rate
Annex I (informative) - Installation and sampling train
        leakage tests
Bibliography

Gives guidance on the monitoring and sampling of ground gases.

This British Standard provides guidance on the monitoring and sampling of ground gases. It covers volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and permanent gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and oxygen. It is intended to be read in conjunction with BS10175.

Guidance is not provided on:

• risk evaluation and characterization;

NOTE1 Guidance can be found in CLR 11 [3], CIRIA C665 [4], CIRIA C682 [5] and the Ground Gas Handbook [6].

• selection and design of protective measures;

• the verification of protective measures, although the site investigation methodologies described can be used when appropriate;

• the sampling of atmospheric gases;

• monitoring and sampling for radon.

NOTE2 Radon occurs naturally at varying concentrations in large parts of the United Kingdom. It is commonly present in mine gas and can also be released from groundwater when it is extracted from the ground. It can also arise from deposited wastes such as those from the nuclear industry, phosphorus slags, and coal ash. Its importance lies in the fact that the risks associated with exposure to it are serious and its effects on the human condition are backed by extensive epidemiological information. There are established or draft International Standards for investigation and determination of radon in soils (BSISO18589 series) and in air (BSISO11665‑1). The latter provides guidance on analysis of historic records, site reconnaissance, identification of preferential migration pathways, development of a sampling plan and how to measure radon in air once it has been emitted from the ground (see AnnexB for further information). At the time of publication of this standard, the committee are not aware of any international standards or other authoritative guidance on the measurement and sampling of radon in the ground analogous to that provided in this standard for permanent gases and VOCs. The state-of-the-art is not sufficiently developed in the UK to provide such guidance as part of this standard but some preliminary guidance is provided for information in AnnexB.

NOTE3 The term “permanent gas” (3.10) is used rather than “bulk gas” as used in much UK guidance. The two are not synonyms. “Permanent gas” is an accepted international term in use for over 100 years. Its usage does not indicate any relationship between the proportion of a gas present and its properties in the way that the terms “bulk gas” and “trace gas” do. These terms were originally used in connection with “landfill gas”. “Permanent gas” is considered more appropriate for the range of sources covered by this standard.

NOTE4 ”Ground gas” has the same meaning as “soil gas” as defined in BSISO11074, i.e. “gas and vapours in the pore spaces of soils”.