AS 1359.102.1-1997

1 - AS 1359.102.1-1997 ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS - METHODS FOR DETERMINING LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY - GEN
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - SECTION ONE - GENERAL
7 - 1 Scope
7 - 2 Object
7 - 3 General
8 - 3.1 List of symbols
8 - 4 Definitions
8 - 4.1 Efficiency
8 - 4.2 Total loss
9 - 4.3 Braking test
9 - 4.4 Calibrated driving machine test
9 - 4.5 Mechanical back-to-back test
9 - 4.6 Electrical back-to-back test
9 - 4.7 Retardation test
9 - 4.8 Calorimetric test
9 - 4.9 No-load test
9 - 4.10 Open-circuit test
9 - 4.11 Sustained short-circuit test
9 - 4.12 Zero power factor test
10 - 5 Reference temperature
11 - SECTION TWO - D.C. MACHINES
11 - 6 Losses to be included
11 - 6.1 Excitation circuit losses
11 - 6.2 Constant losses
11 - 6.3 Load losses
12 - 6.4 Additional load losses
12 - 7 Determination of efficiency
12 - 7.1 Summation of losses
12 - 7.1.1 Excitation losses
13 - 7.1.2 Constant losses
14 - 7.1.3 Load losses
14 - 7.1.4 Additional load losses
16 - 7.2 Total loss measurement
16 - 7.2.1 Electrical back-to-back tests (see clause 16)
16 - 7.3 Direct measurement of efficiency
16 - 7.3.1 Braking test
16 - 7.3.2 Calibrated machine test (see clause 13)
16 - 7.3.3 Mechanical back-to- back test
17 - SECTION THREE - POLYPHASE INDUCTION MACHINES
17 - 8 Losses to be included
17 - 8.1 Constant losses
17 - 8.2 Load losses
17 - 8.3 Additional load losses
18 - 9 Determination of efficiency
18 - 9.1 Summation of losses
18 - 9.1.1 Constant losses
18 - 9.1.2 Load losses
20 - 9.1.3 Additional load losses
20 - 9.2 Total loss measurement
20 - 9.2.1 Electrical back-to-back test (see clause 16)
20 - 9.3 Direct measurement of efficiency
20 - 9.3.1 Braking test
20 - 9.3.2 Calibrated machine test (see clause 13)
20 - 9.3.3 Mechanical back-to-back test
21 - SECTION FOUR - SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
21 - 10 Losses to be included
21 - 10.1 Constant losses
21 - 10.2 Load losses
21 - 10.3 Excitation circuit losses
22 - 10.4 Additional load losses
22 - 11 Determination of efficiency
22 - 11.1 Summation of losses
22 - 11.1.1 Excitation circuit losses
23 - 11.1.2 Constant losses
24 - 11.1.3 Load losses
24 - 11.1.4 Additional load losses
25 - 11.2 Total loss measurement
25 - 11.2.1 Electrical back-to-back test (see clause 16)
25 - 11.2.2 Zero power factor test (see clause 14)
25 - 11.3 Direct measurement of efficiency
25 - 11.3.1 Braking test
25 - 11.3.2 Calibrated machine test (see clause 13)
25 - 11.3.3 Mechanical back-to-back test
26 - SECTION FIVE - METHODS OF TEST
26 - 12 General
27 - 13 Calibrated machine test
27 - 14 Zero power factor test
27 - 15 Retardation method
28 - 15.1 General
28 - 15.1.1 Fundamentals
28 - 15.1.2 Method of the chord
29 - 15.1.3 Method of the limiting secant
29 - 15.1.4 Method of the average speed of rotation
29 - 15.2 Composition of retardation tests
29 - 15.2.1 Composition of tests with known moment of inertia
30 - 15.2.2 Composition of test with unknown moment of inertia
31 - 15.3 Retardation test procedure
31 - 15.3.1 State of a tested machine during retardation tests
32 - 15.3.2 Tested machine coupled with other mechanisms
32 - 15.3.3 Rotation of a tested machine
32 - 15.3.4 Procedure performed prior to starting the tests
33 - 15.3.5 Procedures during retardation
33 - 15.3.6 Program of retardation tests
33 - 15.4 Taking of measurements
33 - 15.4.1 Methods of measurements
34 - 15.4.2 Accelerometric method
34 - 15.4.3 Tachometric method
34 - 15.4.4 Chronographic method
35 - 15.4.5 Measurement of losses in bearings
35 - 16 Electrical back-to-back test
35 - 17 Calorimetric test
35 - 18 Schedule of preferred tests
35 - 18.1 D. C. machines
36 - 18.2 Polyphase induction machines
36 - 18.3 Synchronous machines
39 - Annex A - Provisional methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed cage induction machines
39 - A.1 Determination of losses and efficiency of converter-fed motors
39 - A.1.1 Components of the additional losses
40 - A.1.2 Efficiency determination by input-output measurement
40 - A.1.3 Efficiency determination by summation of losses
41 - A.1.4 Efficiency determination by the calorimetric method
41 - A.1.5 Efficiency determination by summation of losses from tests on a sinusoidal system with lumped increments to take care o
42 - A.1.6 Recommended methods
42 - A.2 Requirements for the measuring instruments
43 - A.3 Total loss measurement
43 - A.4 Summation of losses
43 - A.4.1 Motor supplied by I-converter with block-wave output.
43 - A.4.1.1 No-load test when fed by converter
44 - A.4.1.2 Load test when fed by converter
44 - A.4.2 Motor supplied by U-converter
45 - A.4.3 Summation of losses by a load test with sinusoidal supply and a no-load test with converter supply
45 - A.5 Method with assumed increments to the losses determined on sinusoidal supply
46 - A.6 Basic considerations concerning converters
46 - A.6.1 Typical converter output waveforms
46 - A.6.2 PWM-converter harmonics

Specifies the calculation of efficiency from the summation of individual losses or from measurement of total losses. Specifies particular losses to be included for various types of machine. Details calibrated machine test, zero power-factor test, retardation test and electrical back-to-back test. This Standard is technically equivalent to and reproduced from IEC 34-2:1972 including Amd. 1:1995 and Amd. 2:1996.

This Recommendation applies to d.c. machines and to a.c. synchronous and induction machines of all sizes within the scope of IEC Publication 34-1. The principles can, however, be applied to other types of machines such as rotary converters, a.c. commutator motors and single-phase induction motors for which other methods of determining losses are generally used.

First published as part of AS 1359.33-1983.
Revised and redesignated in part as AS 1359.102.1-1997.