1.1This test method covers the precise on-line determination of pH in water samples of conductivity lower than 100 μS/cm (see Table 1 and Table 2) over the pH range of 3 to 11 (see Fig. 1), under field operating conditions. pH measurements of water of low conductivity are problematic for conventional pH electrodes, methods, and related measurement apparatus.
TABLE 1 Calculated Conductivity and pH Values at 25°C of Low Concentrations of NaOH in Pure Water A
Note 1—This table tabulates the theoretical conductivity and pH values of low levels of NaOH in pure water as calculated from available thermodynamic data.
Note 2—To illustrate the high sensitivity of the sample pH at these low concentrations to contaminants, the last column lists errors that would result if the sample were contaminated with an additional 1 mg/L through sample or equipment handling errors.
| Sample
Concentration,
mg/L | Sample
Conductivity,
μS/cm | Sample
pH | Δ pH Error from Additional 1 mg/L NaOH Contaminate |
| 0.001 | 0.055 | 7.05 | Δ 2.35 |
| 0.010 | 0.082 | 7.45 | Δ 1.95 |
| 0.100 | 0.625 | 8.40 | Δ 1.03 |
| 1.0 | 6.229 | 9.40 | Δ 0.30 |
| 8.0 | 49.830 | 10.30 | Δ 0.05 |
TABLE 2 Calculated Conductivity and pH Values at 25°C of Low Concentrations of HCl in Pure Water A
Note 1—This table tabulates the theoretical conductivity and pH values of low levels of HCl in pure water as calculated from available thermodynamic data
Note 2—To illustrate the high sensitivity of the sample pH at these low concentrations to contaminants, the last column lists errors that would result if the sample were contaminated with an additional 1 mg/L through sample or equipment handling errors.
| Sample
Concentration,
mg/L | Sample
Conductivity,
μS/cm | Sample
pH | Δ pH Error from Additional 1 mg/L HCl Contaminate |
| 0.001 | 0.060 | 6.94 | Δ2.38 |
| 0.010 | 0.134 | 6.51 | Δ 1.95 |
| 0.100 | 1.166 | 5.56 | Δ 1.03 |
| 1.0 | 11.645 | 4.56 | Δ 0.30 |
| 8.0 | 93.163 | 3.66 | Δ 0.05 |
FIG. 1 Restrictions Imposed by the Conductivity pH Relationship
1.2This test method includes the procedures and equipment required for the continuous pH measurement of low conductivity water sample streams including the requirements for the control of sample stream pressure, flow rate, and temperature. For off-line pH measurements in low conductivity samples, refer to Test Method D5464.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.