Concerned with inter-PINX connections (IPC) that are provided by Intervening Networks (IVN), and the way in which these are handled by PINXs to provide a platform for inter-PINX communication. PISN is a network comprising either on PINX or more than one PINX interconnected by Inter-PINX connections. Different types of IVNs can be used to provide IPCs, in accordance with the scenarios indicated in ISO/IEC 11579-1. These are Overlay Scenarios in that they enable the services of the PISN to operate transparently across an IVN. In general but depending on the type of IVN, procedures and signalling protocols between the PINXs are needed for the establishment, maintenance and release of IPCs. Appropriate standardisation of these procedures and signalling protocols is necessary.