1 General
1.1 Scope
1.2 Normative References
1.3 Conformance
1.4 Test Methods
2 Terminology and General Requirements
2.1 Conventions
2.2 Definitions
2.3 Built-In Utilities
2.4 Character Set
2.5 Locale
2.6 Enviroment Variables
2.7 Required Files
2.8 Regular Expression Notation
2.9 Dependencies on Other Standards
2.10 Utility Conventions
2.11 Utility Description Defaults
2.12 File Format Notation
2.13 Configuration Values
2.14 Terminal Characteristics
3 Shell Command Language
3.1 Shell Introduction
3.2 Quoting
3.3 Token Recognition
3.4 Reserved Words
3.5 Parameters and Variables
3.6 Word Expansions
3.7 Redirection
3.8 Exit Status and Errors
3.9 Shell Commands
3.10 Shell Grammar
3.11 Signals and Error Handling
3.12 Shell Execution Environment
3.13 Pattern Matching Notation
3.14 Special Built-In Utilities
4 Execution Environment Utilities
4.1 awk - Pattern scanning and processing language
4.2 basename - Return nondirectory portion of
pathname
4.3 bc - Arbitrary-precision arithmetic language
4.4 cat - Concatenate and print files
4.5 cd - Change working directory
4.6 chgrp - Change file group ownership
4.7 chmod - Change file modes
4.8 chown - Change file ownership
4.9 cksum - Write file checksums and sizes
4.10 cmp - Compare two files
4.11 comm - Select or reject lines common to two files
4.12 command Execute a simple command
4.13 cp - Copy files
4.14 cut - Cut out selected fields of each line of a
file
4.15 date - Write the date and time
4.16 dd - Convert and copy a file
4.17 diff - Compare two files
4.18 dirname - Return directory portion of pathname
4.19 echo - Write arguments to standard output
4.20 ed - Edit text
4.21 env - Set environment for command invocation
4.22 expr - Evaluate arguments as an expression
4.23 false - Return false value
4.24 find - Find files
4.25 fold - Fold lines
4.26 getconf - Get configuration values
4.27 getopts - Parse utility options
4.28 grep - File pattern searcher
4.29 head - Copy the first part of files
4.30 id - Return user identity
4.31 join - Relational database operator
4.32 kill - Terminate or signal processes
4.33 ln - Link files
4.34 locale - Get locale-specific information
4.35 localedef - Define locale environment
4.36 logger - Log messages
4.37 logname - Return to the login name of the user
4.38 lp - Send files to a printer
4.39 ls - List directory contents
4.40 mailx - Process messages
4.41 mkdir - Make directories
4.42 mkfifo - Make FIFO special files
4.43 mv - Move files
4.44 nohup - Invoke a utility immune to hangups
4.45 od - Dump files in various formats
4.46 paste - Merge corresponding or subsequent lines
of files
4.47 pathchk - Check pathnames
4.48 pax - Portable archive interchange
4.49 pr - Print files
4.50 printf - Write formatted output
4.51 pwd - Return working directory name
4.52 read - Read a line from standard input
4.53 rm - Remove directory entries
4.54 rmdir - Remove directories
4.55 sed - Stream editor
4.56 sh - Shell, the standard command language
interpreter
4.57 sleep - Suspend execution for an interval
4.58 sort - Sort, merge or sequence check text files
4.59 stty - Set the options for a terminal
4.60 tail - Copy the last part of a file
4.61 tee - Duplicate standard input
4.62 test - Evaluate expression
4.63 touch - Change file access & modification times
4.64 tr - Translate characters
4.65 true - Return true value
4.66 tty - Return the terminal name of the user
4.67 umask - Get or set the file mode creation mask
4.68 uname - Return system name
4.69 uniq - Report or filter out repeated lines
in a file
4.70 wait - Await process completion
4.71 wc - Word, line and byte/character count
4.72 xargs - Construct argument list(s) & invoke
utility
5 User Portability Utilities Option
5.1 alias - Define or display aliases
5.2 at - Execute commands at a later time
5.3 batch - Execute commands when the system load
permits
5.4 bg - Run jobs in the background
5.5 crontab - Schedule periodic background work
5.6 csplit - Split files based on context
5.7 ctags - Create a tags file
5.8 df - Report free disk space
5.9 du - Estimate file space usage
5.10 ex - Text editor
5.11 expand - Convert tabs to spaces
5.12 fc - Process command history list
5.13 fg - Rung jobs in the foreground
5.14 file - Determine file type
5.15 jobs - Display status of jobs in the current
session
5.16 man - Display system documentation
5.17 mesg - Permit or deny messages
5.18 more - Display files on a page-by-page basis
5.19 newgrp - Change to a new group
5.20 nice - Invoke a utility with an altered system
scheduling priority
5.21 nm - Write the name list of an object file
5.22 patch - Apply changes to files
5.23 ps - Report process status
5.24 renice- Set system scheduling priorities of
running processes
5.25 split - Split files into pieces
5.26 strings - Find printable strings in files
5.27 tabs - Set terminal tabs
5.28 talk - Talk to another user
5.29 time - Time a simple command
5.30 tput- Change terminal characteristics
5.31 unalias - Remove alias definitions
5.32 unexpand - Convert spaces to tabs
5.33 uudecode - Decode a binary file
5.34 uuencode - Encode a binary file
5.35 vi - Screen-oriented (visual) display editor
5.36 who - Display who is on the system
5.37 write - Write to another user
6 Software Development Utilities Option
6.1 ar - Create and maintain library archives
6.2 make - Maintain, update and regenerate groups of
programs
6.3 strip - Remove unnecessary information from
executable files
7 Language-Independent System Services
7.1 Shell Command Interface
7.2 Access Environment Variables
7.3 RE Matching
7.4 Pattern Matching
7.5 Command Option Parsing
7.6 Generate Pathnames Matching a Pattern
7.7 Perform Word Expansions
7.8 Get POSIX configurable variables
7.9 Locale Control
Annex A (normative) C-Language Development Utilities
Option
Annex B (normative) C-Language Bindings Option