Section 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
1.2 Cancellation
Section 2 DEAD LOADS
2.1 Definition
2.2 Unit Weights
2.3 Allowance for Partitions
2.3.1 Uniform Load Equivalents
2.3.2 Nonoccurrence
2.4 Service Equipment
2.5 Soil and Soil Moisture
2.6 Stability
Section 3 LIVE LOADS (INCLUDING LIVE LOAD REDUCTION)
3.1 Definition
3.2 Class A Structures
3.3 Class B Structures of Loads
3.3.4 Uniformly Distributed Loads
3.3.5 Thrusts on Handrails
3.3.6 Concentrated Loads
3.3.7 Live Load Reduction
3.3.8 Live Loads for Warehouses
3.4 Class C Structures
3.5 Partial Loadings
3.5.1 Pattern Loadings
3.5.2 Moving Loads
3.5.3 Unsymmetrical Loadings
3.5.4 Prestressing (Including Post-Tensioning) Forces
Section 4 IMPACT, TRACTION, AND SWAY
4.1 Class A Structures
4.2 Crane Runways and Supports - Impact
4.3 Crane Runways and Supports - Traction and Sway
4.4 Machinery Supports
4.5 Sway Load on Spectator Stands
4.6 Hangers for Floors and Balconies
4.7 Impact Due to Berthing
4.8 Vibrations
4.8.1 Resonance
4.8.2 Foundation Considerations
4.8.2.1 Foundation Design
4.8.2.2 Isolation of Foundations for Vibrating Machinery
4.8.3 Collateral Reading
Section 5 SNOW LOADS
5.1 General
5.2 Definitions
5.2.1 Balanced Snow Load
5.2.2 Barrel-Vaulted Roof
5.2.3 Exposure Factor, C[e]
5.2.4 Eaves
5.2.5 Flat Roof
5.2.6 Ground Snow Load
5.2.7 Multiple Folded Plate Roof
5.2.8 Slope Factor, C[s]
5.2.9 Snow Load Importance Factor, I
5.2.10 Thermal Factor, C[t]
5.2.11 Unbalanced Snow Load
5.3 Symbols
5.4 Ground Snow Loads, P[g]
5.5 Flat Roof Snow Loads
5.5.1 Exposure Factor
5.5.2 Thermal Factor, C[t]
5.5.3 Snow Load Importance Factor
5.5.4 Minimum Roof Snow Load
5.6 Sloped Roof Snow Loads, P[s]
5.6.1 Warm Roof Slope Factor, C[s]
5.6.2 Cold Roof Slope Factor, C[s]
5.6.3 Roof Slope Factor for Arched Roofs
5.6.4 Roof Slope Factor for Multiple Folded Plate and
Barrel-Vaulted Roofs
5.7 Unloaded Portions
5.8 Unbalanced Roof Snow Loads
5.8.1 Unbalanced Snow Loads for Hip and Gable Roofs
5.8.2 Unbalanced Snow Loads for Arched Roofs
5.8.3 Unbalanced Snow Loads for Multiple Folded Plate and
Barrel-Vaulted Roofs
5.9 Drifts on Lower Roofs
5.9.1 Regions With Light Snow Loads
5.9.2 Lower Roof of a Building
5.9.3 Adjacent Buildings and Terrain Features
5.10 Roof Projections
5.11 Sliding Snow
Section 6 LOADS FOR SPECIAL STRUCTURES
6.1 Crane Runways, Trackage, and Supports
6.2 Waterfront Structures
6.3 Antenna Supports and Transmission Line Structures
6.3.1 Dead Load
6.3.2 Live Load on Stairways and Walkways
6.3.3 Wind Load
6.3.4 Ice Load
6.3.5 Thermal Changes
6.3.6 Pretension Forces
6.3.7 Broken Wires
6.3.8 Erection Loads
6.4 Turbine Generator Foundations
6.4.1 Vertical Loads
6.4.2 Steam Condenser Load
6.4.3 Torque Loads
6.4.4 Horizontal Loads on Support Framing
6.4.5 Horizontal Forces Within Structure
6.4.6 Assumed Forces on Centerline Guides
6.4.7 Temperature Variation
6.4.8 External Piping
Section 7 WIND LOADS
7.1 General
7.2 Wind Pressure
7.2.1 Velocity Pressure
7.2.2 Design Wind Pressure
7.3 Purlins, Girts, Sheathing, Siding, Fastenings, Walls and Doors
7.4 Eaves and Cornices
7.5 Class A Structures
7.6 Special Conditions
7.6.1 Wind on Berthed Vessel
7.6.2 Prefabricated Buildings of Standard Manufacture
7.6.3 Mobile Home Tie-Downs
7.6.4 Wind-Induced Vibrations
7.6.5 Cranes and Derricks
Section 8 EARTHQUAKE FORCES
8.1 Class A Structures
8.2 Class B Structures
8.2.1 Serviceability
8.2.2 Parts or Components
8.2.3 Earthquake Zones
8.2.4 Existing Structures
8.3 Class C Structures
Section 9 OTHER LOADS
9.1 Earth Pressures and Foundation Structure Loads
9.2 Fluid Pressures and Forces
9.2.1 Hydrostatic Pressure
9.2.2 Wave Forces
9.2.3 Current Forces
9.3 Centrifugal Forces
9.4 Traction
9.5 Thermal Forces
9.5.1 Temperature Ranges
9.5.2 Piping
9.6 Friction Forces
9.6.1 Sliding Plates
9.6.2 Rockers or Rollers
9.6.3 Foundations on Earth
9.6.4 Other Bearings
9.7 Shrinkage
9.7.1 Stress
9.7.2 Coefficient of Shrinkage
9.8 Foundation Displacement and Settlement
9.9 Ice
9.9.1 On Antenna Supports and Transmission Line Structures
9.9.2 On Bridge Piers
9.10 Blast Loading
Section 10 COMBINATIONS OF LOADS
10.1 General
10.2 Class A Structures
10.3 Class B Structures
10.3.1 Working Stress Design
10.3.2 Exception for Plastic Design of Steel Frames
10.3.3 Clarifications
10.4 Class C Structures
10.4.1 Adjustment of Load Factors and Allowable Stresses
10.4.2 Miscellaneous Provisions
Section 11 DEFLECTION LIMITATIONS
11.1 General
11.2 Special Criteria for Allowable Deflection of Elevator and
Escalator Beams and Supports
11.2.1 Overhead Machine Beams of Alternating-Current Installations
11.2.2 Overhead Machine Beams of Direct-Current Installations
11.2.3 Overhead Beams Supporting Machine Beams
11.2.4 Overhead Sheave Beams
11.3 Machinery Supports (Other Than Elevators and Escalators)
Figures
Tables