FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principles of toxic hazard assessment
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Exposure dose
4.3 Determination of concentration-time data
4.4 Asphyxiants and the Fractional Effective Dose, FED
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Properties of the FED
4.4.3 Uses of the FED
4.5 Irritants and the Fractional Effective Concentration,
FEC
4.6 Carbon dioxide
4.7 Oxygen vitiation
4.8 Heat stress
4.9 Effects of stratification and transport of fire
atmospheres
5 Methods of toxic hazard assessment
5.1 General approach
5.2 Equations used to predict death
5.2.1 The simple toxic gas model
5.2.2 The N-gas model
5.2.3 The hyperventilatory effect of carbon dioxide
5.2.4 Lethal toxic potency values
5.2.5 The mass loss model
5.3 Equations used to predict incapacity
5.3.1 The asphyxiant gas model
5.3.2 The irritant gas model
5.3.3 The mass loss model
6 Toxic potency values
6.1 Generic values of toxic potency
6.2 Toxic potency values obtained from chemical analyses
6.3 Toxic potency values obtained from animal tests
7 Limitations on the interpretation of toxicity test results
8 Effluent components to be measured
8.1 Minimum reporting
8.2 Additional reporting
8.2.1 Gaseous fire effluent components
8.2.2 Airborne particulates
Annex A (informative) - Guidance for the use of LC[50]
values
A.1 General
A.2 Limiting hazard
A.3 Use of LC[50] values in specific types of fires
Annex B (informative) - A simple worked example to illustrate
the principles of a toxic hazard analysis
B.1 The problem scenario
B.2 Information available
B.3 Hazard analysis
Annex C (informative) - F values for irritants