API 2557 : 1993

Section 1 - Introduction
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Definition of vapor collection and control
Section 2 - Applications of vapor control
2.1 Storage tank vapor control
2.1.1 Internal floating roofs
2.1.2 Vapor control systems
2.2 Truck and rail terminal transfer vapor control
2.2.1 Loading methods
2.2.2 Vapor control
2.3 Marine terminal vapor control
Section 3 - Vapor collection systems
3.1 Vapor balancing
3.2 Vacuum-assisted vapor collection systems
Section 4 - Vapor recovery processes
4.1 Carbon adsorption
4.2 Lean oil absorption
4.3 Refrigeration
Section 5 - Vapor destruction processes
5.1 Thermal oxidation - flares
5.2 Thermal oxidation - incineration
5.3 Catalytic oxidation
Section 6 - Hybrid processes and emerging technologies
6.1 Absorption-adsorption-absorption
6.2 Vapor recovery with vapor destruction
6.3 Brayton cycle
6.4 Membrane separation
6.5 Refrigeration with cogeneration
Section 7 - Considerations for evaluating vapor control
            technologies
7.1 Data for vapor recovery systems
7.2 Data for vapor destruction systems
Section 8 - References
8.1 Referenced publications
8.2 Suggested further reading
Appendix A - Vapor control technology checklists
Figures
1 Storage tank and tank truck loading hydrocarbon
    concentration profile
2 Typical marine vessel loading system
3 Marine vessel loading hydrocarbon concentration
    profile
4 Vapor balancing system
5 Typical carbon adsorption vapor recovery system
6 Typical lean oil absorption vapor recovery system
7 Typical refrigeration vapor recovery system
8 Typical open flare system
9 Typical enclosed flare system
10 Typical catalytic oxidation system
11 Typical absorption-adsorption-absorption recovery
    system
12 Typical reverse Brayton cycle recovery system
13 Typical membrane vapor separation system
14 Typical refrigeration/cogeneration system
Tables
1 Vapor recovery process comparison
2 Vapor recovery system cost estimates
3 Vapor destruction process comparison
4 Flare system cost estimates

Introduces vapor control technologies to individuals who are responsible for purchasing or designing vapor control devices for use on petroleum storage, loading and transfer operations.