API 351 : 1999

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION
    Scope of Report
    Organization of Report
    A Note of Caution
    Recommendations for Method Selection
    Hydraulic Conductivity vs. Permeability
    Collection and Handling of Soil Samples
    Horizontal and Vertical Permeability
    Saturated vs. Unsaturated Soil
    Other Properties of Soils
2 LABORATORY METHODS
    Introduction
    Constant Head Test
    Falling Head Test
    Flexible Wall Permeameter (Triaxial Test)
    Grain Size Analysis
3 FIELD METHODS
    Introduction
    Slug Test (Hvorslev's Method)
    Borehole Test
    Gulf Oil Field Test
    Well Pumping Test
    Piezometer Method
    Infiltrometers
        Single-Ring Infiltrometers
        Open Double-Ring Infiltrometers
        Sealed Double-Ring Infiltrometers
    Double Tube Test Method
    Air-Entry Permeameter
    REFERENCES
Appendix A - DEFINITIONS
Appendix B - LIST OF VARIABLES
Appendix C - CONVERSION FACTORS
Tables
1.1 Range of Values of Permeability
1.2 Viscosities of Selected Fluids
2.1 Laboratory Methods for Testing Permeability
3.1 Field Methods for Testing Permeability
Figures
2.1 Constant Head Test
2.2 Falling Head Test
2.3 Triaxial Test
3.1 Slug Test (Hvorslev's Method)
3.2 Borehole Test
3.3 Gulf Oil Field Test
3.4 Well Pumping Test
3.5 Piezometer Method
3.6 Double-Ring Infiltrometer
3.7 Double-Tube Method
3.8 Air-Entry Permeameter

Defines permeability of soil between laboratory and field methods, and are identified according the their particular soil types. Applicable to coarse-grained soils (sands and gravels), fine-grained soils (silts and clays), but not to organic soils, such as peat. All methods should be fully investigated for appropriateness and to determine its suitability to a particular situation.