API 39 : 1998
Withdrawn
A Withdrawn Standard is one, which is removed from sale, and its unique number can no longer be used. The Standard can be withdrawn and not replaced, or it can be withdrawn and replaced by a Standard with a different number.
RECOMMENDED PRACTICES ON MEASURING THE VISCOUS PROPERTIES OF A CROSS-LINKED WATER-BASED FRACTURING FLUID
19-02-2021
01-01-1998
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Fracturing fluid rheology (viscosity) and the hydraulic
fracturing process
1.2 Cross-linked fracturing fluid rheological behavior
1.3 Objectives and limitations of this document
2 REFERENCES
2.1 Standards
2.2 Other referenced publications
3 DEFINITIONS AND NOMENCLATURE
3.1 Definitions
3.2 Nomenclature
4 LABORATORY PROCEDURES
4.1 Fluid preparation and testing
4.2 Equipment requirements
4.3 Instrument calibration
5 FIELD PROCEDURES
5.1 Equipment requirements
5.2 Preparation of linear polymer solutions
5.3 Special field testing equipment
5.4 Field testing procedure
5.5 Discussion of commonly observed problems
6 CALCULATION PROCEDURES FOR VISCOUS PROPERTIES
6.1 General concepts
6.2 Couette geometry
6.3 Example calculation: couette geometry with standard
R1-B5 geometry
APPENDIX A BASIC RHEOLOGICAL CONCEPTS
APPENDIX B TYPES OF FLUIDS
Figures
1 Typical full range shear stress vs. shear rate rheograms
for cross-linked water-based fractured fluids
2 Segmented portion, shear stress vs. shear rate rheograms
for cross-linked water-based fracturing fluids
3 Shear stress graph for a power-law fluid
A-1 Graph of shear stress data
A-2 Graphs of omega vs. shear stress for the B2-extended bob
and the B5-extended bob
A-3 Shear stress graph for a power-law fluid
A-4 Viscosity measurements for the delayed titanium HPG gel
using nominal shear rate of 100 sec-1 at 200 deg F
A-5 Shear rate distribution in couette region
A-6 Comparison of viscosity measurements for the delayed titanium
HPG gel with 0.1 lb/1000 gal AP using VASR method at 150 deg F
A-7 Comparison of viscosity measurements for the delayed titanium
HPG with 0.1 lb/1000 gal AP using VASR method at 200 deg F
B-1 Graphical explanation of the shear stress-shear rate
relationship
B-2 Illustration of shear stress relationship for classical fluids
B-3 Apparent viscosity of an HPG fluid over a wide range of shear
stress
B-4 Viscosity vs. time
Tables
1 Description of equipment for laboratory testing
2 Rotor-bob combinations
3 Calibration factors for dead weight testing
4 Results, calculation of power-law parameters
5 Results, calculation of actual power-law viscosity at a shear
sweep time of 30 mins
B-1 Typical fracturing fluids additives
Specifies standard testing procedures, such as laboratory processing, field processing and calculation processing for viscous properties, for the measurement of certain theologiocal properties of common cross-linked water-based fracturing fluids used in hydraulic fracturing treatments.
DocumentType |
Standard
|
PublisherName |
American Petroleum Institute
|
Status |
Withdrawn
|
API 13M : 2004 : R2010 | RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF VISCOUS PROPERTIES OF COMPLETION FLUIDS |
BS ISO 13503-1 : 2003 AMD 16056 | PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - COMPLETION FLUIDS AND MATERIALS - PART 1: MEASUREMENT OF VISCOUS PROPERTIES OF COMPLETION FLUIDS |
API RP 13M : 2004 | RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF VISCOUS PROPERTIES OF COMPLETION FLUIDS |
02/703592 DC : DRAFT FEB 2002 | ISO/DIS 13503-1 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - COMPLETION FLUIDS AND MATERIALS - PART 1: MEASUREMENT OF VISCOUS PROPERTIES OF COMPLETION FLUIDS |
04/30113735 DC : DRAFT NOV 2004 | ISO 13503-4 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - COMPLETION FLUIDS AND MATERIALS - PART 4: PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING STIMULATION AND GRAVELPACK FLUID LEAKOFF UNDER STATIC CONDITION |
API RP 13D : 2017 | RHEOLOGY AND HYDRAULICS OF OIL-WELL DRILLING FLUIDS |
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