EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND RATIONALE
2 SAMPLING OVERVIEW
APPLICABILITY OF SPMDs
METHOD SELECTION
Integrative
Equilibrium
COMMENTS ON AMBIENT CONCENTRATION EXTRAPOLATIONS
Accuracy of Water Concentration Estimates
SYNOPSIS OF PERFORMANCE RELATED VARIABLES
DEPLOYMENT
3 THEORY AND MODELING
MODELS FOR ESTIMATION OF WATER CONCENTRATION
Groundwater Concentration Estimation
Sediment Pore Water
SAMPLING APPROACH AND KINETICS
RATE CONTROL
FACTORS AFFECTING UPTAKE RATES
Sampler Design
Molecular Properties
Environmental Properties
CALIBRATION DATA
PERMEABILITY/PERFORMANCE REFERENCE COMPOUNDS
(PRCS)
4 STUDY CONSIDERATIONS
SOURCE AND PREPARATION OF SPMDS
Preparation and Evaluation of Materials
SPMD Assembly
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE STANDARD SPMD
STORAGE AND TRANSPORT
PRECAUTIONS/PROCEDURES DURING DEPLOYMENT AND
RETRIEVAL
DEPLOYMENT METHOD
EXPOSURE DURATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES
5 SPMD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
QUALITY CONTROL
SPMD-Fabrication Blanks
SPMD-Process Blanks
Reagent Blank
Field-Blank SPMDs
PRC Samples
SPMD Spikes
Procedural Spikes
Expected QC Results
PROCESSING AND RESIDUE ENRICHMENT
Potential SPMD Specific Interferences
INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS
DATA FORMAT AND COMPARABILITY
6 BIOASSAY OF SPMD EXTRACTS OR DILUENTS
MICROTOX AND MUTATOX
MFO-EROD
OVERVIEW OF ADDITIONAL ASSAYS
POTENTIAL INTERFERENCES
7 COMPARISONS TO BIOMONITORING ORGANISMS
8 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A
SOURCES OF SPMD INFORMATION
APPENDIX B
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS
APPENDIX C
ADDITIONAL CALIBRATION DATA
APPENDIX D
WATER CONCENTRATION EXTRAPOLATION
List of Figures and Tables