API 4716 : 2002

I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
II INTRODUCTION
    A. Background
    B. Program Structure
    C. Applications
    D. Testing Facilities
    E. Who Should Read This Report
    F. Notes of Caution
III FACILITY/SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
    A. Airport Hydrant Fueling Systems
    B. MCI Operating Characteristics
    C. Petroleum Product Terminal Systems
IV LEAK DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES
    A. Technology Types
    B. Selection Criteria
    C. Technologies Selected for Evaluation
V STATISTICAL NATURE OF THE TESTING PROCESS
    A. Signal and Noise
    B. Concept of Performance
    C. Declaring a Leak
VI TECHNOLOGIES TESTED
    A. Pressure Decay - Dual Pressure
       1. The Nature of the Signal
       2. Sources of Noise
       3. Key Features
       4. Test Results
    B. Dual Pressure Volumetric
       1. The Nature of the Signal
       2. Sources of Noise
       3. Key Features
       4. Test Results
    C. Pressure Decay with Temperature Compensation
       1. The Nature of the Signal
       2. Sources of Noise
       3. Key Features
       4. Test Results
    D. Acoustic Emission
       1. The Nature of the Signal
       2. Sources of Noise
       3. Key Features
       4. Test Results
    E. Chemical Marker
       1. The Nature of the Signal
       2. Sources of Noise
       3. Key Features
       4. Test Results
    F. Vapor Monitoring
       1. The Nature of the Signal
       2. Sources of Noise
       3. Key Features
       4. Test Results
    G. Facts and Findings
VII DEVISING THE BEST TESTING STRATEGY FOR A
    PARTICULAR SITE
    A. Site Characteristics
    B. Piping System Considerations
    C. Operational Characteristics
    D. Cost Considerations
    E. Operational Considerations
    F. Assessment of VendorsÕ Claims
    G. Combining Technologies Effectively
    H. Using Multiple Tests
    I. Testing Strategy
GLOSSARY

Describes the performance of different types of leak detection technologies that were applied to buried pressurized piping systems used in airport hydrant fueling and petroleum product terminals.