1 - AS 2162.2-1998 VERIFICATION AND USE OF VOLUMETRIC APPARATUS - GUIDE TO THE USE OF PISTON-OPERATED VOLUMETRIC APPARATUS (POVA)
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - FOREWORD
7 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
7 - 1.1 SCOPE
7 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
7 - 1.3.1 Accuracy of measurement
7 - 1.3.2 Adjustable POVA
8 - 1.3.3 Air displacement
8 - 1.3.4 Calibration
8 - 1.3.5 Dead volume
8 - 1.3.6 Diluter
8 - 1.3.7 Dispenser
8 - 1.3.8 Displacement burette
8 - 1.3.9 Disposable
8 - 1.3.10 Durability
8 - 1.3.11 Forward mode
8 - 1.3.12 Measurand
8 - 1.3.13 Pipetter
8 - 1.3.14 Piston device
8 - 1.3.15 Piston-operated volumetric apparatus, POVA
8 - 1.3.16 Positive displacement
8 - 1.3.17 Precision
8 - 1.3.18 Pre-rinsing
9 - 1.3.19 Reference temperature
9 - 1.3.20 Repeatability
9 - 1.3.21 Repeatability conditions
9 - 1.3.22 Re-useable
9 - 1.3.23 Reverse mode
9 - 1.3.24 Sample carry over
9 - 1.3.25 Unit of volume
9 - 1.3.26 Verification
9 - 1.3.27 Working range
9 - 1.4 GENERAL MATTERS
9 - 1.4.1 Volume
9 - 1.4.2 Selection of a POVA
9 - 1.4.3 Performance validation
9 - 1.5 SAFETY
10 - SECTION 2 CONSTRUCTION
10 - 2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
10 - 2.2 MATERIALS
10 - 2.2.1 Chemical resistance
10 - 2.2.2 Stability
10 - 2.2.3 Lubricants
10 - 2.3 DESIGN
10 - 2.3.1 Liquid displacement
11 - 2.3.2 Mode of operation
11 - 2.3.3 Reservoir
11 - 2.3.4 Delivery
11 - 2.3.5 Disposable tips
11 - 2.4 GRADUATION AND NUMBERING OF VARIABLE VOLUME POVA
11 - 2.4.1 Legibility
11 - 2.4.2 Numbering of lines
12 - SECTION 3 OPERATING PRINCIPLES
12 - 3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
12 - 3.2 PIPETTES
12 - 3.2.1 General
12 - 3.2.2 Method of use
13 - 3.3 DISPENSERS
14 - 3.4 DILUTERS
15 - 3.5 DISPLACEMENT BURETTES
16 - SECTION 4 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
16 - 4.1 SCOPE
16 - 4.2 EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENT
16 - 4.2.1 Balance
16 - 4.2.2 Weighing vessels
18 - 4.3 AMBIENT CONDITIONS
18 - 4.4 CALIBRATION TEST
18 - 4.4.1 General
18 - 4.4.2 Pipetters
19 - 4.4.3 Dispensers
20 - 4.4.4 Number of replicate tests
20 - 4.4.5 Diluters
20 - 4.4.6 Displacement burettes
20 - 4.5 CALCULATIONS
20 - 4.5.1 General
20 - 4.5.2 Individual weighings
20 - 4.5.3 Evaporation
20 - 4.5.4 Test temperature
20 - 4.5.5 Mean weighing result
20 - 4.5.6 Mean volume
22 - 4.6 PERFORMANCE STATISTICS
22 - 4.6.1 Standard deviation
22 - 4.6.2 Coefficient of variation
22 - 4.6.3 Confidence interval
23 - 4.7 CALIBRATION REPORT
25 - SECTION 5 VERIFICATION PROCEDURE
25 - 5.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
25 - 5.2 FUNCTIONAL TESTS
25 - 5.3 FREQUENCY OF TESTING
25 - 5.4 VERIFICATION TEST
25 - 5.4.1 Principle
25 - 5.4.2 Test procedure
25 - 5.4.3 Replicate test
25 - 5.4.4 Single-use test for disposable tips
26 - 5.4.5 Adjustable volume POVA
26 - 5.4.6 Performance tolerances
26 - 5.4.7 Performance testing
26 - 5.4.8 Effects of different liquids
27 - APPENDIX A - VOLUMETRIC ERRORS IN THE DELIVERY OF SMALL VOLUMES OF LIQUIDS
27 - A1 GENERAL
27 - A2 METHOD