AS 2360.1.5-2001

1 - AS 2360.1.5-2001 MEASUREMENT OF FLUID FLOW IN CLOSED CONDUITS - PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL METHODS-MEASUREMENT USING ORIFICE ....
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - 1 Scope
7 - 2 Normative reference
7 - 3 Definitions
7 - 3.1 steady flow
7 - 3.2 pulsating flow
8 - 4 Symbols and subscripts
8 - 4.1 Symbols
10 - 4.2 Subscripts
10 - 5 Description and detection of pulsating flow
10 - 5.1 Nature of pipe flows
10 - 5.2 Threshold between steady and pulsating flow
10 - 5.2.1 Differential pressure (DP) type flowmeters
11 - 5.2.2 Turbine flowmeters
11 - 5.2.3 Vortex flowmeters
12 - 5.3 Causes of pulsation
12 - 5.4 Occurrence of pulsating flow conditions in industrial and laboratory flowmeter installations
12 - 5.5 Detection of pulsation and determination of frequency, amplitude and waveform
12 - 5.5.1 Characteristics of the ideal pulsation sensor
12 - 5.5.2 Non-intrusive techniques
13 - 5.5.3 Insertion devices
13 - 5.5.4 Signal analysis on existing flowmeter outputs: software tools
15 - 6 Measurement of the mean flowrate of a pulsating flow
15 - 6.1 Orifice plate, nozzle, and Venturi tube
15 - 6.1.1 Description of pulsation effects and parameters
17 - 6.1.2 Flowmeters using slow-response DP sensors
19 - 6.1.3 Flowmeters using fast-response DP sensors
20 - 6.1.4 Pulsation damping
25 - 6.2 Turbine flowmeters
25 - 6.2.1 Description of pulsation effects and parameters
28 - 6.2.2 Estimation of pulsation correction factors and measurement uncertainties
29 - 6.3 Vortex flowmeters
29 - 6.3.1 Pulsation effects
30 - 6.3.2 Minimizing pulsation effects
30 - 6.3.3 Estimation of measurement uncertainties
31 - Annex A - Orifice plates, nozzles and Venturis - Theoretical considerations
31 - A.1 Introduction
31 - A.2 Derivation of equations relating error in indicated flowrate to pulsation amplitude
31 - A.3 Total error in the indicated flowrate
32 - A.4 Quasi-steady temporal inertia theory
34 - A.5 Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to predict discharge characteristics in pulsating flow
37 - Annex B - Orifice plates, nozzles and Venturis - Pulsation damping criteria
37 - B.1 Introduction
37 - B.2 Theoretical analysis for adequate damping - Subsonic flow in the throttling device
42 - Annex C - Turbine flowmeters - Theoretical background and experimental data
42 - C.1 Equation of motion for unsteady flow
42 - C.2 Prediction of pulsation errors
43 - C.3 Development of diagnostic software tools
45 - Annex D - Bibliography

Defines pulsating flow, compares it with steady flow, indicates how it can be detected, and describes the effects it has on orifice plates, nozzles or Venturi tubes, turbine and vortex flowmeters when these devices are being used to measure fluid flow in a pipe.

First published as AS 2360.1.5-1993.
Second edition 2001.