1 - AS 2858-2001 TIMBER-SOFTWOOD-VISUALLY GRADED FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
6 - 1.1 SCOPE
6 - 1.2 APPLICATION
6 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 1.4 TIMBER SPECIES AND STRESS GRADES
7 - 1.5 GRADES
7 - 1.5.1 Structural grades of softwood (excluding cypress and hoop)
8 - 1.5.2 Grades of structural cypress
8 - 1.5.3 Grades of structural hoop
8 - 1.6 DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.6.1 Check
8 - 1.6.2 Check, internal
9 - 1.6.3 Compression failure
9 - 1.6.4 Corewood
9 - 1.6.5 Exceptionally low density material
9 - 1.6.6 Growth rings within 50 mm of the centre of the pith
9 - 1.6.7 Knot (hoop only)
9 - 1.6.8 Knot, arris (cypress only)
9 - 1.6.9 Knot cluster
9 - 1.6.10 Knot, edge
9 - 1.6.11 Knot, face
9 - 1.6.12 Knot group
10 - 1.6.13 Knot, other (all species except cypress and hoop)
10 - 1.6.14 Knot, through (cypress only)
10 - 1.6.15 Knot-area ratio (KAR)
10 - 1.6.16 Mixed species
10 - 1.6.17 Parcel
10 - 1.6.18 Occluded branch stub
10 - 1.6.19 Shake
10 - 1.6.20 Sized
10 - 1.6.21 Species mixture
11 - 1.6.22 Stress grading, visual
11 - 1.6.23 Surface
11 - 1.6.24 Termite galley
11 - 1.7 SIZES AND TOLERANCES
11 - 1.7.1 Dimensions
12 - 1.7.2 Squareness
12 - 1.7.3 Special straightness requirements
12 - 1.8 MOISTURE CONTENT OF SEASONED TIMBER
12 - 1.9 CHARACTERISTICS
12 - 1.9.1 Measurement of characteristics
12 - 1.9.2 Combination of characteristics
14 - 1.9.3 Characteristics occurring entirely within the prescribed limits for want and wane
14 - 1.9.4 Mechanical damage
14 - 1.10 GRADE LIMITATION AND GRADING
14 - 1.10.1 Basis
14 - 1.10.2 Limitations
14 - 1.10.3 Variations in assessment
14 - 1.10.4 Resawing
14 - 1.10.5 Grading check
15 - 1.10.6 Moisture content of preservative treated timber
15 - 1.10.7 Docking of multiple lengths
15 - 1.11 PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT
15 - 1.12 MARKING
17 - SECTION 2 GRADE DESCRIPTiONS (EXCLUDING CYPRESS AND HOOP)
17 - 2.1 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 1
17 - 2.1.1 General
17 - 2.1.2 Permissible characteristics
18 - 2.2 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 2
18 - 2.2.1 General
18 - 2.2.2 Permissible characteristics
19 - 2.3 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 3
19 - 2.3.1 General
19 - 2.3.2 Permissible characteristics
20 - 2.4 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 4
20 - 2.4.1 General
20 - 2.4.2 Permissible characteristics
22 - 2.5 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 5
22 - 2.5.1 General
22 - 2.5.2 Permissible characteristics
23 - 2.6 COREWOOD STUD GRADE (Seasoned pinus species only)
23 - 2.6.1 General
24 - 2.6.2 Permissible characteristics
25 - 2.7 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES
26 - SECTION 3 GR ADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR CYPRESS
26 - 3.1 GENERAL
26 - 3.2 STRESS GRADE F7
26 - 3.2.1 General
26 - 3.2.2 Permissible characteristics
27 - 3.3 STRESS GRADE F5
27 - 3.3.1 General
27 - 3.3.2 Permissible characteristics
28 - 3.4 STRESS GRADE F4
28 - 3.4.1 General
28 - 3.4.2 Permissible characteristics
30 - 3.5 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES
31 - SECTION 4 GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR HOOP
31 - 4.1 GENERAL
31 - 4.2 STRESS GRADE F8
31 - 4.2.1 General
31 - 4.2.2 Permissible characteristics
32 - 4.3 STRESS GRADE F7
32 - 4.3.1 General
32 - 4.3.2 Permissible characteristics
33 - 4.4 STRESS GRADE F5
33 - 4.4.1 General
33 - 4.4.2 Permissible characteristics
34 - 4.5 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES
35 - APPENDIX A - STRESS GRADES, STRENGTH GROUPS AND PROPERTIES OF SOFTWOODS
35 - A1 PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL TIMBERS
40 - APPENDIX B - STRENGTH GROUPS, STRUCTURAL GRADES AND STRESS GRADES OF TIMBER
42 - APPENDIX C - MEASUREMENT OF CHARACTERISTICS
42 - C1 KNOTS, KNOT HOLES, CONE HOLES, HOLES OTHER THAN THOSE CAUSE BY INSECTS AND OCCLUDED BRANCH STUBS
51 - C2 BORER HOLES
51 - C3 SLOPE OF GRAIN
52 - C4 GROWTH RINGS
54 - C5 RESIN POCKETS, BARK POCKETS, OVERGROWTHS OF INJURY
54 - C6 CHECKS
55 - C7 WANE AND WANT
55 - C8 BOW AND SPRING
57 - C9 TWIST
58 - C10 CUP
59 - APPENDIX D - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS (EXCLUDING CYPRESS AND HOOP)
61 - APPENDIX E - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR CYPRESS
63 - APPENDIX F - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR HOOP