AS 2858-2004

1 - AS 2858-2004 TIMBER-SOFTWOOD-VISUALLY GRADED FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
6 - 1.1 SCOPE
6 - 1.2 APPLICATION
6 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
7 - 1.4 TIMBER SPECIES AND STRESS GRADES
7 - 1.5 GRADES
7 - 1.5.1 Structural grades of softwood (excluding cypress and hoop)
8 - 1.5.2 Grades of structural cypress
8 - 1.5.3 Grades of structural hoop
8 - 1.6 DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.6.1 Check
8 - 1.6.2 Check, internal
9 - 1.6.3 Compression failure
9 - 1.6.4 Exceptionally low density material
9 - 1.6.5 Growth rings within 50 mm of the centre of the pith
9 - 1.6.6 Knot (hoop only)
9 - 1.6.7 Knot, arris (cypress only)
9 - 1.6.8 Knot cluster
9 - 1.6.9 Knot, edge
9 - 1.6.10 Knot, face
9 - 1.6.11 Knot group
9 - 1.6.12 Knot, other (all species except cypress and hoop)
10 - 1.6.13 Knot, through (cypress only)
10 - 1.6.14 Knot-area ratio (KAR)
10 - 1.6.15 Mixed species
10 - 1.6.16 Parcel
10 - 1.6.17 Occluded branch stub
10 - 1.6.18 Shake
10 - 1.6.19 Sized
10 - 1.6.20 Species mixture
10 - 1.6.21 Stress grading, visual
11 - 1.6.22 Surface
11 - 1.6.23 Termite galley
11 - 1.7 SIZES AND TOLERANCES
11 - 1.7.1 Dimensions
12 - 1.7.2 Squareness
12 - 1.8 MOISTURE CONTENT
12 - 1.8.1 Testing
12 - 1.8.2 At time of production
12 - 1.8.3 At other times
12 - 1.9 CHARACTERISTICS
12 - 1.9.1 Measurement of characteristics
12 - 1.9.2 Combination of characteristics
14 - 1.9.3 Characteristics occurring entirely within the prescribed limits for want and wane
14 - 1.9.4 Mechanical damage
14 - 1.10 GRADE LIMITATION AND GRADING
14 - 1.10.1 Basis
14 - 1.10.2 Limitations
14 - 1.10.3 Variations in assessment
15 - 1.10.4 Resawing
15 - 1.10.5 Grading check
15 - 1.10.6 Moisture content of preservative-treated timber
15 - 1.10.7 Docking of multiple lengths
15 - 1.11 PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT
16 - 1.12 IDENTIFICATION OF GRADE
17 - SECTION 2 GRADE DESCRIPTIONS (EXCLUDING CYPRESS AND HOOP)
17 - 2.1 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 1
17 - 2.1.1 General
17 - 2.1.2 Permissible characteristics
18 - 2.2 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 2
18 - 2.2.1 General
18 - 2.2.2 Permissible characteristics
20 - 2.3 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 3
20 - 2.3.1 General
20 - 2.3.2 Permissible characteristics
22 - 2.4 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 4
22 - 2.4.1 General
22 - 2.4.2 Permissible characteristics
24 - 2.5 STRUCTURAL GRADE No. 5
24 - 2.5.1 General
24 - 2.5.2 Permissible characteristics
26 - 2.6 HEART-IN STUD GRADE (seasoned pinus species only)
26 - 2.6.1 General
26 - 2.6.2 Permissible characteristics
27 - 2.7 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES
28 - SECTION 3 GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR CYPRESS
28 - 3.1 GENERAL
28 - 3.2 STRESS GRADE F7
28 - 3.2.1 General
28 - 3.2.2 Permissible characteristics
30 - 3.3 STRESS GRADE F5
30 - 3.3.1 General
30 - 3.3.2 Permissible characteristics
32 - 3.4 STRESS GRADE F4
32 - 3.4.1 General
32 - 3.4.2 Permissible characteristics
33 - 3.5 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES
34 - SECTION 4 GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR HOOP
34 - 4.1 GENERAL
34 - 4.2 STRESS GRADE F8
34 - 4.2.1 General
34 - 4.2.2 Permissible characteristics
36 - 4.3 STRESS GRADE F7
36 - 4.3.1 General
36 - 4.3.2 Permissible characteristics
38 - 4.4 STRESS GRADE F5
38 - 4.4.1 General
38 - 4.4.2 Permissible characteristics
39 - 4.5 STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE GRADES
40 - APPENDIX A - STRESS GRADES, STRENGTH GROUPS AND PROPERTIES OF SOFTWOODS
40 - A1 PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL TIMBERS
45 - APPENDIX B - STRENGTH GROUPS, STRUCTURAL GRADES AND STRESS GRADES OF TIMBER
47 - APPENDIX C - MEASUREMENT OF CHARACTERISTICS
47 - ¿C1 KNOTS, KNOT HOLES, CONE HOLES, HOLES OTHER THAN THOSE CAUSED BY INSECTS AND OCCLUDED BRANCH STUBS ¿OTHER THAN FOR...
55 - C2 HEART-IN STUD GRADE
56 - C3 BORER HOLES
57 - C4 SLOPE OF GRAIN
58 - C5 GROWTH RINGS AND PITH
60 - C6 RESIN POCKETS, BARK POCKETS, OVERGROWTHS OF INJURY
60 - C7 CHECKS
61 - C8 WANE AND WANT
61 - C9 BOW AND SPRING
63 - C10 TWIST
64 - C11 CUP
65 - APPENDIX D - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS (EXCLUDING CYPRESS AND HOOP)
70 - APPENDIX E - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR CYPRESS
73 - APPENDIX F - SUMMARY TABLE OF GRADE DESCRIPTIONS FOR HOOP

Specifies visual grading descriptions for five structrual grades and one stud grade. Stress grades are given on the basis of species. Other grade descriptions are included for Cypress and Hoop. Structural appearance grades are also specified, derived from the above grades, by further limitations on the visual characteristics allowed in structrual members exposed to view. Definitions, methods of measurement, moisture content and grade summary tables are also included.

This Standard specifies requirements for visual grading of sawn softwood intended for structural purposes.This Standard does not apply to timber species with an average density at 12 percent moisture content below 360 kg/m3. NOTES: 1 The coverage of softwood species or species mixtures listed in this Standard does not imply their availability or the availability of any particular grade of any species or species mixture. 2 This Standard may be used as a basis for certification of conformity under a product certification program.

First published as AS (E)O54-1942.
Revised and redesignated in part as AS O106-1942.
AS Int 376 first published 1958.
Revised and redesignated in part as AS Int 376-1959 and AS Int 377-1969.
AS O95 first published 1964.
AS O107 first published 1969.
AS Int 376-1959 and AS Int 377-1959 revised, amalgamated and redesignated as AS O78-1969.
AS O106-1942 revised and redesignated in part as AS O106-1971 and AS O106 Supp 1-1973.
AS O78-1969 revised and redesignated as AS 1490-1973.
AS O95-1964 revised and redesignated as AS 1648-1974.
AS O107-1969 revised and redesignated as AS 2099-1977.
AS O106-1971 and AS O106-1971 and AS O106 Supp 1-1973 revised amalgamated and redesignated as AS 2440-1981.
AS 1490-1973, AS 1648-1974, AS 2099-1977 and AS 2440-1981 revised, amalgamated and redesignated as AS 2858-1986.
Second edition 2001.
Third edition 2004.