AS 3507-1987

1 - AS 3507-1987 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING-RADIOGRAPHY OF STEEL CASTINGS AND CLASSIFICATION OF QUALITY
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - FOREWORD
8 - SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 - 1.1 SCOPE.
8 - 1.2 APPLICATION.
8 - 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.
8 - 1.4 TEST METHOD DESIGNATION.
8 - 1.5 DEFINITIONS.
8 - 1.5.1 Air lock
8 - 1.5.2 Blowhole
8 - 1.5.3 Chaplet
8 - 1.5.4 Chill
8 - 1.5.5 Crack
8 - 1.5.6 Filamentary shrinkage
8 - 1.5.7 Gas porosity
8 - 1.5.8 Hot tear
8 - 1.5.9 Inclusion
8 - 1.5.10 Macroshrinkage
8 - 1.6 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.
9 - SECTION 2. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES
9 - 2.1 GENERAL.
9 - 2.2 X-RAY EQUIPMENT.
9 - 2.3 GAMMA-RAY SOURCES.
9 - 2.4 HIGH ENERGY MEGA ELECTRON-VOLT (MeV) EQUIPMENT.
9 - 2.5 INTENSIFYING SCREENS.
9 - 2.5.1 General.
9 - 2.5.2 Thickness of intensifying screen.
9 - 2.6 CASSETTES.
9 - 2.7 FILTERS.
9 - 2.8 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS.
10 - 2.9 RADIOGRAPHS.
10 - 2.10 VIEWING CONDITIONS.
10 - 2.10.1 General.
10 - 2.10.2 Eye adaptation.
11 - SECTION 3. METHODS OF TEST
11 - 3.1 GENERAL.
12 - 3.2 SURFACE PREPARATION.
12 - 3.3 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS (IQI).
12 - 3.4 GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS.
12 - 3.5 RADIOGRAPHIC DENSITY.
12 - 3.6 FACTORS INFLUENCING DIAGNOSTIC FILM AREA.
12 - 3.7 BACK-SCATTER PROTECTION.
12 - 3.8 RADIOGRAPH IDENTIFICATION.
12 - 3.8.1 General.
13 - 3.8.2 Overlap of film.
13 - 3.8.3 Markers.
13 - 3.9 RECOMMENDED TUBE VOLTAGE.
13 - 3.10 FILM LOCATION.
13 - 3.10.1 Object-to-film distance.
13 - 3.10.2 Source-to-film distance (SFD).
15 - 3.11 MASKING.
15 - 3.12 RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES.
15 - 3.12.1 Location of shots-Radiographic exposures.
15 - 3.12.2 Radiography of simple plate type cast sections.
15 - 3.12.3 Radiography of castings of basic shapes.
18 - 3.12.4 Radiography of castings of complex shape.
18 - 3.13 INDIVIDUAL METHODS OF TEST.
18 - 3.14 PROCESSING OF RADIOGRAPHS.
18 - 3.15 VIEWING OF RADIOGRAPHS.
18 - 3.16 STORAGE OF RADIOGRAPHS.
19 - SECTION 4. EVALUATION OF TEST DATA
19 - 4.1 GENERAL.
19 - 4.2 VIEWING AREA.
19 - 4.2.1 Selection of viewing area.
19 - 4.2.2 Dimensions of viewing area.
19 - 4.3 ASSESSMENT OF GAS POROSITY, BLOWHOLES AND INCLUSIONS.
19 - 4.3.1 Assessable discontinuities.
21 - 4.3.2 Non-assessable discontinuities.
21 - 4.4 ASSESSMENT OF MACROSHRINKAGE.
21 - 4.5 ASSESSMENT OF FILAMENTARY SHRINK-AGE.
23 - SECTION 5. CLASSIFICATION OF QUALITY
23 - 5.1 GENERAL.
23 - 5.2 MULTIPLEDISCONTINUITIES.
23 - 5.3 GAS POROSITY AND BLOWHOLES.
23 - 5.3.1 Quality classification.
23 - 5.3.2 Limitations for Class 1.
23 - 5.4 INCLUSIONS.
23 - 5.4.1 Quality classification.
23 - 5.4.2 Limitations for Class 1.
23 - 5.5 MACROSHRINKAGE.
23 - 5.6 FILAMENTARY SHRINKAGE.
26 - SECTION 6. PRESENTATION OF TEST DATA
26 - 6.1 GENERAL.
26 - 6.2 ASSESSMENT.
26 - 6.3 RECORD OF TEST.
26 - 6.4 TEST REPORT.
27 - APPENDIX A - INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH THE ENQUIRY AND ORDER
27 - A1 GENERAL.
27 - A2 TESTING AUTHORITIES.
27 - A3 PRODUCTDESCRIPTION AND IDENTIFICATION.
27 - A4 MANUFACTURING HISTORY.
27 - A5 SENSITIVITY REQUIRED.
27 - A6 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA.
28 - A7 DEPARTURE FROM THE METHODS SPECIFIED.
29 - APPENDIX B - PRECAUTIONS AGAINST SCATTER
29 - B1 GENERAL.
29 - B2 PROCEDURES TO REDUCE SCATTER.
32 - APPENDIX C - RADIOGRAPHY OF CASTINGS OF WIDELY VARYING SECTION THICKNESS
32 - C1 GENERAL.
32 - C2 THICKNESS LATITUDE.
34 - APPENDIX D - EFFECT OF VARIABLES ON RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST
34 - D1 GENERAL.
34 - D2 EFFECT OF VARIABLES.
36 - APPENDIX E - FACTORS CONTROLLING IMAGE DEFINITION
36 - E1 GENERAL.
36 - E2 INHERENT UNSHARPNESS.
36 - E3 GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS.
37 - E4 NOMOGRAM (FIGURE E2).
39 - APPENDIX F - TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF FILM TYPES
40 - APPENDIX G - RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIVALENCE FACTORS
40 - G1 GENERAL.
40 - G2 DETERMINATION OF FACTOR.

Sets out methods for film radiography of whole or specified areas of steel castings and defines six quality classes based on size and number of discontinuities observed in radiographs.

This Standard sets out methods for film radiography of whole or specified areas of steel castings and defines six quality classes of steel castings based on size and number of discontinuities observed in radiographs.NOTES:1. Information to be supplied with the enquiry and order is given in Appendix A.2. Any repair welding carried out is deemed to be part of the casting.

Under Revision see DR 03241 and dR 03242