AS 3516.1-1988

1 - AS 3516.1-1988 SITING OF RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES - LF, MF AND HF TRANSMITTING AND HF RECEIVING FACILITIES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
6 - SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL
6 - 1.1 SCOPE AND APPLICATION.
6 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS.
6 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS.
8 - SECTION 2. BASIC SYSTEM PROPAGATION NEEDS
8 - 2.1 GENERAL PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS.
8 - 2.2 ANTENNA CHARACTERISTICS.
8 - 2.2.1 General characteristics.
8 - 2.2.2 LF antennas.
8 - 2.2.3 MF antennas.
8 - 2.2.4 HF antennas.
8 - 2.3 TERRAIN REQUIREMENTS.
8 - 2.3.1 Selection.
8 - 2.3.2 Ground surface.
8 - 2.3.3 Reflecting surface (HF).
9 - 2.3.4 Soil constants.
10 - SECTION 3. ECONOMICS OF CHOICE
10 - 3.1 CHOICE OF SITE.
10 - 3.2 SITE CLEARANCE.
10 - 3.3 ACCESS ROAD.
10 - 3.4 POWER.
10 - 3.5 BEARERS.
10 - 3.6 LAND COST.
10 - 3.7 VULNERABILITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA.
10 - 3.8 CONSTRUCTIONAL ASPECTS.
10 - 3.9 MAINTENANCE ASPECTS AND MEAN TIME TO REPAIR (MTTR) REQUIREMENTS.
10 - 3.10 ENVIRONMENTAL ACCEPTABILITY.
10 - 3.11 FUTURE PLANNING.
11 - SECTION 4. IMPACT OF EXTERNAL AND ON-SITE RADIO INTERFERENCE
11 - 4.1 GENERAL.
11 - 4.2 LF, MF AND HF TRANSMITTING FACILITIES.
11 - 4.2.1 General interference.
11 - 4.2.2 Other transmitting facilities.
11 - 4.2.3 Re-radiators.
11 - 4.3 HF RECEIVING FACILITIES.
11 - 4.3.1 General.
11 - 4.3.2 Atmospheric noise.
11 - 4.3.3 Galactic noise.
11 - 4.3.4 Man-made noise.
15 - 4.3.5 Distant Systems.
15 - 4.3.6 Site noise measurements.
18 - SECTION 5. IMPACT OF WANTED RADIATION
18 - 5.1 GENERAL.
18 - 5.2 HUMAN HEALTH.
18 - 5.3 FLAMMABLE MATERIAL, FUELS AND EXPLOSIVE STORES.
18 - 5.4 DOMESTIC, INDUSTRIAL AND SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS.
18 - 5.4.1 Effects of interference.
18 - 5.4.2 Limits of tolerance.
18 - 5.4.3 Degradation.
18 - 5.4.4. Permitted spurious radiation.
18 - 5.4.5. Abatement of interference.
19 - 5.5 OTHER RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS.
19 - 5.5.1 Mutual interference.
19 - 5.5.2. Spurious radiation.
19 - 5.5.3. Separation distances.
20 - APPENDIX A - PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS
20 - A1 INTRODUCTION.
20 - A2 THE TROPOSPHERE.
20 - A3 THE IONOSPHERE.
20 - A4 CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION AS A FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY.
20 - A4.1 LF.
20 - A4.2 MF.
20 - A4.3 HF.
22 - APPENDIX B - REFLECTION ZONE
24 - APPENDIX C - SEPARATION DISTANCES BETWEEN SOURCES OF MAN- MADE RADIO NOISE AND THE BOUNDARY OF HF RECEIVING AND DF FACILITIES
24 - C1 INTRODUCTION.
24 - C2 SEPARATION DISTANCE CRITERIA.
24 - C2.1 General.
24 - C2.2 Measuring frequency.
24 - C2.3 Measurement mode.
26 - C2.4 Propagation attenuation.
27 - C2.5 Degree of degradation to receiving facilities.
28 - C2.6 Site boundary.
28 - C3 CALCULATION OF SEPARATION DISTANCES BETWEEN POWER LINES AND HF RECEIVING STATIONS AND DF FACILITIES.
28 - C3.1 Method.
28 - C3.2 Generation of radio noise by power lines.
28 - C3.3 Correction and attenuation factors.
30 - C3.4 Other restrictions.
30 - C4 CALCULATION OF SEPARATION DISTANCES BETWEEN ROADS AND HF RECEIVING STATIONS.
31 - C5 CALCULATION OF SEPARATION DISTANCES BETWEEN HF RECEIVING SITES AND OTHER SOURCES OF MAN- MADE INTERFERENCE.
31 - C5.1 Sources.
31 - C5.2 Housing.
32 - C5.3 Users of industrial, scientific, medical and similar radio frequency equipment.
33 - C5.4 Electric fencing.
33 - C5.5 Electric railway lines.
33 - C6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS.
33 - C6.1 Separation distances.
33 - C6.2 Zones of interest.
33 - C6.3 Separation distances for overhead conductors.
34 - C6.4 Alternative buffer zones.
44 - APPENDIX D - LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITIES
44 - D1 INTRODUCTION.

Specifies requirements for the siting of facilities at specified geographic locations. Describes potential interference to intended activities of the facilities from existing or planned developments in terms of separation distances for control purposes. The Standard is intended to provide a basis for discussion at all levels for parties involved in the planning of radiocommunications services and potentially interfering developments, and parties concerned with the impact which the facility may have on the existing community.

This Standard sets out requirements for the siting of LF, MF and HF transmitting facilities and HF receiving facilities at specific geographic locations. The Standard is concerned with potential interference to the intended activities of the transmitting and receiving facilities and, in addition, certain aspects of the impact which the wanted radiation might have on the adjacent communities.It provides guidance to Government Departments and instrumentalities at Federal, State and Local Government levels concerned with the planning, construction, installation and maintenance of telecommunication and radio broadcasting services, electric power generation and distribution systems. It provides information and guidance for organizations and the public from the viewpoint of the impact on the general public of the siting of radio- communications facilities and information on the effects of existing or planned developments in the vicinity of those facilities that could be expected to have on the operations of such facilities.The Standard is not intended as a substitute for consultation between the authority involved and concerned parties but as a basis from which meaningful discussions may proceed.It should be emphasized that the Standard cannot specify the practical requirements at every site due to the wide variety in types of service intended, geographical and environmental situations and the interaction which may occur and for this reason the Standard should not be applied without reference to the parties concerned.NOTE: The observance of the requirements of this Standard does not absolve an authority of one type from consulting other authorities likely to be affected by the planning, construction or extension of new works in the vicinity of existing facilities.