AS 4264.3-1996

1 - AS 4264.3-1996 COAL AND COKE - SAMPLING - LOWER RANK COAL - SAMPLING PROCEDURES
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - FOREWORD
8 - SECTION 1 - SCOPE AND GENERAL
8 - 1.1 SCOPE
8 - 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
8 - 1.3 DEFINITIONS
8 - 1.3.1 Bias
8 - 1.3.2 Coefficient of variation (cv)
8 - 1.3.3 Constant-mass division
9 - 1.3.4 Cut
9 - 1.3.5 Divided increment
9 - 1.3.6 Division
9 - 1.3.7 Duplicate sampling
9 - 1.3.8 Error
9 - 1.3.9 Fixed-rate division
9 - 1.3.10 General analysis sample
9 - 1.3.11 Gross sample
9 - 1.3.12 Increment
9 - 1.3.13 Laboratory sample
9 - 1.3.14 Liberation
9 - 1.3.15 Lot
9 - 1.3.16 Manual sampling
9 - 1.3.17 Mass- basis sampling
9 - 1.3.18 Mechanical sampling
9 - 1.3.19 Mineral species
9 - 1.3.20 Moisture sample
9 - 1.3.21 Nominal top size
9 - 1.3.22 Partial sample
9 - 1.3.23 Particle shape factor
9 - 1.3.24 Pass
9 - 1.3.25 Ply
10 - 1.3.26 Precision
10 - 1.3.27 Reduction (in particle size)
10 - 1.3.28 Replicate sampling
10 - 1.3.29 Sample preparation
10 - 1.3.30 Sampling unit
10 - 1.3.31 Size range factor
10 - 1.3.32 Stage
10 - 1.3.33 Standard deviation
10 - 1.3.34 Strata
10 - 1.3.35 Stratified random sampling
10 - 1.3.36 Systematic sampling
10 - 1.3.37 Time- basis sampling
10 - 1.3.38 Top size
10 - 1.3.39 Variance
11 - SECTION 2 - SAMPLING UNDISTURBED COAL SEAMS
11 - 2.1 SCOPE
11 - 2.2 ESTABLISHING A SAMPLING SYSTEM
11 - 2.2.1 General
11 - 2.2.2 Sampling undisturbed lower rank coal seams
12 - 2.2.3 Sampling from exposed coal faces
14 - SECTION 3 - SAMPLING MINED COAL
14 - 3.1 SCOPE
14 - 3.2 GENERAL
15 - 3.3 MASS OF INCREMENT
15 - 3.3.1 General
16 - 3.3.2 Minimum mass of increment for falling- stream samplers
16 - 3.3.3 Minimum mass of increment for cross-belt samplers
16 - 3.3.4 Minimum mass of increment for manual sampling
18 - 3.4 NUMBER OF PRIMARY INCREMENTS AND SAMPLING UNITS
18 - 3.4.1 General
19 - 3.4.2 Calculation of number of primary increments and sampling units from the increment standard deviation
22 - 3.4.3 Calculation of number of primary increments and sampling units from the standard deviation within strata
23 - 3.4.4 Modification of precision
23 - 3.5 MASS OF GROSS SAMPLES AND PARTIAL SAMPLES
23 - 3.5.1 General
23 - 3.5.2 Minimum mass of gross sample
23 - 3.5.3 Minimum mass of partial samples
23 - 3.5.4 Minimum mass of total moisture samples
23 - 3.6 MASS-BASIS SAMPLING
23 - 3.6.1 General
26 - 3.6.2 Sampling interval
27 - 3.6.3 Cutter
27 - 3.6.4 Taking of primary increments
27 - 3.6.5 Constitution of a gross sample or partial sample
27 - 3.6.6 Methods of division
28 - 3.6.7 Division of increments prior to forming partial samples of gross samples
28 - 3.6.8 Division of partial samples prior to forming gross samples
28 - 3.6.9 Division of gross sample, partial sample or increment
28 - 3.7 TIME-BASIS SAMPLING
28 - 3.7.1 General
28 - 3.7.2 Sampling interval
29 - 3.7.3 Cutter
29 - 3.7.4 Taking of primary increments
29 - 3.7.5 Combining of primary increments
29 - 3.7.6 Method of division
29 - 3.7.7 Division of gross sample, partial sample or increment
29 - 3.8 STRATIFIED RANDOMSAMPLING- FIXEDMASS OR TIME INTERVALS
30 - 3.9 MECHANICAL SAMPLING FROM MOVING STREAMS
30 - 3.9.1 General
31 - 3.9.2 Design of the sampling system
32 - 3.9.3 Sample cutters
33 - 3.9.4 Mass of increments
33 - 3.9.5 Number of increments
33 - 3.9.6 Routine checking
33 - 3.10 MANUAL SAMPLING FROM MOVING STREAMS
33 - 3.10. 1 General
34 - 3.10. 2 Choosing the sampling location
34 - 3.10. 3 Sampling implements
34 - 3.10. 4 Mass of increments
34 - 3.10. 5 Number of primary increments
34 - 3.10. 6 Sampling procedures
35 - 3.11 STOPPED-BELT SAMPLING
36 - 3.12 SAMPLING FROM STATIONARY SITUATIONS
36 - 3.12. 1 General
36 - 3.12. 2 Uniformity of primary increment mass
36 - 3.12. 3 Sampling implements for stockpiles and rail wagons
37 - 3.12. 4 Sampling from stockpiles
38 - 3.12. 5 Sampling from wagons or trucks
39 - SECTION 4 - SAMPLE PREPARATION
39 - 4.1 SCOPE
39 - 4.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF SAMPLE PREPARATION
39 - 4.2.1 Introduction
39 - 4.2.2 Minimum mass of sample to be retained after division
40 - 4.3 PARTICLE SIZE REDUCTION
40 - 4.3.1 General
40 - 4.3.2 Particle size reduction apparatus
41 - 4.4 SAMPLE MIXING
41 - 4.4.1 General
41 - 4.4.2 Methods of mixing
41 - 4.5 DIVISION
41 - 4.5.1 General
42 - 4.5.2 Mechanical sample division
42 - 4.5.3 Manual sample division
43 - 4.6 AIR- DRYING
43 - 4.7 PRECISION OF SAMPLE PREPARATION
44 - 4.8 BIAS IN SAMPLE PREPARATION
44 - 4.9 PREPARATION OF SAMPLES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TOTAL MOISTURE
44 - 4.9.1 Precautions against loss of moisture
44 - 4.9.2 Preparation of samples
44 - 4.9.3 Reserve samples
44 - 4.10 PREPARATION OF SAMPLES FOR GENERAL ANALYSIS
44 - 4.10. 1 Stage 1
44 - 4.10. 2 Stage 2
44 - 4.10. 3 Stage 3
45 - APPENDIX A - MANUAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS-MOVING STREAMS
45 - A1 SCOPE
45 - A2 LADLES AND CUTTERS
47 - APPENDIX B - MECHANICAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS
47 - B1 SCOPE
47 - B2 TYPES OF MECHANICALSAMPLE CUTTERS
52 - APPENDIX C - DESIGN OF CROSS-BELT CUTTERS
54 - APPENDIX D - MANUAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS- STATIONARY SITUATIONS
54 - D1 SCOPE
54 - D2 SAMPLING FRAME
54 - D3 AUGER
55 - D4 SHOVELS
56 - APPENDIX E - EXAMPLE OF A MECHANICAL MIXER
57 - APPENDIX F - MECHANICAL SAMPLE DIVIDERS
58 - APPENDIX G - MANUAL INCREMENT DIVISION
59 - APPENDIX H - EXAMPLES OF RIFFLES

Sets out methods for the sampling of lower rank coal from moving streams and stationary situations, including stopped-belt sampling, for routine and special purposes, to provide samples for general analysis and for the determination of total moisture. Methods for the preparation of samples are also included.

This Standard sets out methods for taking and preparing samples of lower rank coals from -(a) undisturbed coal seams, by drilling or exposed face sampling to determine the nature, extent and variability of coal; and(b) mined coal, by sampling from moving streams (conveyors and similar situations) or stationary situations (trucks, rail wagons, drums and stockpiles) to determine the variability of coal supply for a particular industrial application.Where sampling coal from moving streams, the use of mechanical samplers is preferred. Sampling coal from stationary situations should be considered only where sampling from moving streams is not possible. The procedures described in this Standard for sampling from stationary situations merely minimize some of the sampling errors.The methods set out are based on the necessary modification of existing higher rank coal Standards.The purpose of this Standard is to draw attention to, and to describe, those unique properties of lower rank coals that require special attention for taking meaningful samples by modification of higher rank coal sampling methods.

First published as AS 4264.3-1996.