• AS 4959-2010

    Withdrawn A Withdrawn Standard is one, which is removed from sale, and its unique number can no longer be used. The Standard can be withdrawn and not replaced, or it can be withdrawn and replaced by a Standard with a different number.

    Acoustics - Measurement, prediction and assessment of noise from wind turbine generators

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy, PDF 1 User, PDF 3 Users, PDF 5 Users, PDF 9 Users

    Withdrawn date:  22-03-2021

    Language(s):  English

    Published date:  05-03-2010

    Publisher:  Standards Australia

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    1 - AS 4959-2010 ACOUSTICS-MEASUREMENT, PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF NOISE FROM WIND TURBINE GENERATORS
    4 - PREFACE
    5 - CONTENTS
    6 - 1 SCOPE
    7 - 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
    7 - 3 DEFINITIONS
    7 - 3.1 AGL
    7 - 3.2 Background A weighted sound pressure level (LA90,T)
    7 - 3.3 Background noise level
    8 - 3.4 Cut-in wind speed
    8 - 3.5 Hub height
    8 - 3.6 Rated wind speed
    8 - 3.7 Receiver
    8 - 3.8 Relevant receiver
    8 - 3.9 Time average A-weighted sound pressure level (LAeq,T)
    8 - 3.10 Wind farm
    8 - 3.11 Wind speed
    8 - 3.12 Wind turbine generator (WTG)
    8 - 4 GUIDE TO ACCEPTABLE NOISE LIMITS
    8 - 4.1 General considerations
    9 - 4.2 Cumulative development
    9 - 4.3 Compliance checking
    10 - 4.4 Special audible characteristics
    10 - 5 PREDICTION OF WIND FARM NOISE
    10 - 5.1 General
    10 - 5.2 Indicative predictions
    11 - 5.3 More complex prediction models
    12 - 6 MEASUREMENT OF BACKGROUND NOISE LEVELS
    12 - 6.1 Instrumentation
    12 - 6.2 Determination of relevant receivers
    13 - 6.3 Measurement procedure and considerations
    13 - 6.3.1 General
    13 - 6.3.2 Noise measurements
    14 - 6.3.3 Wind speed measurements
    15 - 6.3.4 Analysis of data
    15 - 7 NOISE COMPLIANCE TESTING
    15 - 7.1 General considerations
    16 - 7.2 Special audible characteristics
    16 - 7.3 Compliance testing: Methodology 1
    16 - 7.3.1 General
    16 - 7.3.2 Measurements
    16 - 7.3.3 Data coverage
    16 - 7.3.4 Analysis
    17 - 7.3.5 Assessment
    17 - 7.4 Compliance testing: Methodology 2
    17 - 7.4.1 General
    17 - 7.4.2 Measurements
    18 - 7.4.3 Data coverage
    18 - 7.4.4 Analysis
    18 - 7.4.5 Compliance assessment
    19 - 7.5 Further monitoring
    19 - 8 DOCUMENTATION
    19 - 8.1 Prediction of noise from wind farm
    20 - 8.2 Background sound level measurement and assessment
    20 - 8.3 Compliance assessment
    22 - APPENDIX A - METHODOLOGY FLOW CHART
    24 - APPENDIX B - WORKED EXAMPLE
    24 - B1 GENERAL
    24 - B2 PREDICTION OF SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS AT A TYPICAL RECEIVER LOCATION TO DETERMINE ITS RELEVANCE
    28 - B3 MONITORED BACKGROUND LEVELS
    28 - B3.1 Monitoring equipment
    28 - B3.2 Noise data
    28 - B3.3 Wind speed data
    29 - B3.4 Regression Analysis
    30 - B3.5 Derivation of criteria
    30 - B4 COMPARISON OF WIND FARM NOISE WITH DERIVED CRITERIA
    32 - B5 COMPLIANCE ASSESSMENT
    32 - B5.1 General
    32 - B5.2 Compliance noise measurements
    33 - B5.3 Compliance wind speed measurements.
    33 - B5.4 Compliance Regression Analysis
    35 - APPENDIX C - MICROPHONE WINDSHIELDS, MICROPHONES AND SPECTRUM ANALYSERS
    35 - C1 WIND IMPACT EFFECTS ON MICROPHONES AND SPECTRUM ANALYSERS
    35 - C2 VISUAL INSPECTION OF PHYSICAL DAMAGE TO MICROPHONE WINDSHIELDS

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Provides a methodology for assessing the impact of noise from wind turbine generators (WTGs) at all receivers in the vicinity of a wind farm.

    Scope - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    This Standard provides a methodology for assessing the impact of noise from wind turbine generators (WTGs) at all receivers in the vicinity of a wind farm.This Standard deals specifically with noise from wind farms in the presence of wind-a situation that can result in large variations in measured noise levels due to the windspeed-dependence of both the background noise and wind turbine generator noise. The measured noise levels will be reasonably accurate and repeatable if the recommended methodology is followed.This Standard is applicable to both horizontal and vertical axis WTGs generating electricity. Other noise sources may be more appropriately measured and assessed using other Standards (see list of referenced documents). The scope of this Standard does not include:The methodology for sound power level measurements of WTGs (see IEC 61400-11).The methodology for measurement of other characteristics that may be present in the noise emission of WTGs such as infrasound, low frequency noise (noise outside the normal auditory range of the human ear), impulsivity, and low frequency modulation of broad band or tonal noise (see IEC 61400-11).The methodology for measuring, predicting and assessing the noise from small WTGs used as generators in standalone power systems or used for water pumping, milling or other purposes.Small WTGs are those with a swept rotor area of less than 200 m2 (See IEC 61400.2.)The methodology for measuring, predicting and assessing the noise from service equipment used at the wind farm for maintenance and construction. (See AS 1055.2 and AS 2436).The methodology for measuring, predicting and assessing the noise from other equipment such as switchyards or substations. (See AS 1055.2).Appendix A provides a flow chart of the methodology contained within this Standard.Appendix B contains an informative worked example on prediction of sound pressure levels, monitoring background levels, and compliance testing. Appendix C gives an informative guide on wind impact effects on microphones and spectrum analysers. It also gives guidance to the visual inspection of physical damage to microphone windshields.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee EV-016
    Document Type Standard
    Product Note Withdrawn 22-03-2021.
    Publisher Standards Australia
    Status Withdrawn
    Supersedes

    History - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    First published as AS 4959-2010.

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    AS 2436-1981 Guide to noise control on construction, maintenance and demolition sites
    AS 1055.2-1997 Acoustics - Description and measurement of environmental noise Application to specific situations
    AS IEC 60942-2004 Electroacoustics - Sound calibrators
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