AS/NZS 14882:1999

1 - AS/NZS 14882:1999 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES- C++
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
29 - 1 General
29 - 1.1 Scope
29 - 1.2 Normative references
29 - 1.3 Definitions
31 - 1.4 Implementation compliance
32 - 1.5 Structure of this International Standard
32 - 1.6 Syntax notation
32 - 1.7 The C++ memory model
32 - 1.8 The C++ object model
33 - 1.9 Program execution
36 - 1.10 Acknowledgments
37 - 2 Lexical conventions
37 - 2.1 Phases of translation
38 - 2.2 Character sets
39 - 2.3 Trigraph sequences
39 - 2.4 Preprocessing tokens
40 - 2.5 Alternative tokens
40 - 2.6 Tokens
40 - 2.7 Comments
41 - 2.8 Header names
41 - 2.9 Preprocessing numbers
41 - 2.10 Identifiers
42 - 2.11 Keywords
43 - 2.12 Operators and punctuators
43 - 2.13 Literals
43 - 2.13.1 Integer literals
44 - 2.13.2 Character literals
46 - 2.13.3 Floating literals
47 - 2.13.4 String literals
47 - 2.13.5 Boolean literals
49 - 3 Basic concepts
49 - 3.1 Declarations and definitions
50 - 3.2 One definition rule
52 - 3.3 Declarative regions and scopes
53 - 3.3.1 Point of declaration
54 - 3.3.2 Local scope
54 - 3.3.3 Function prototype scope
55 - 3.3.4 Function scope
55 - 3.3.5 Namespace scope
55 - 3.3.6 Class scope
56 - 3.3.7 Name hiding
57 - 3.4 Name lookup
57 - 3.4.1 Unqualified name lookup
60 - 3.4.2 Argument dependent name lookup
61 - 3.4.3 Qualified name lookup
63 - 3.4.3.1 Class members
63 - 3.4.3.2 Namespace members
66 - 3.4.4 Elaborated type specifiers
67 - 3.4.5 Class member access
68 - 3.4.6 Using directives and namespace aliases
69 - 3.5 Program and linkage
71 - 3.6 Start and termination
71 - 3.6.1 Main function
72 - 3.6.2 Initialization of non local objects
73 - 3.6.3 Termination
73 - 3.7 Storage duration
74 - 3.7.1 Static storage duration
74 - 3.7.2 Automatic storage duration
74 - 3.7.3 Dynamic storage duration
75 - 3.7.3.1 Allocation functions
75 - 3.7.3.2 Deallocation functions
76 - 3.7.4 Duration of sub objects
76 - 3.8 Object Lifetime
79 - 3.9 Types
81 - 3.9.1 Fundamental types
82 - 3.9.2 Compound types
83 - 3.9.3 CV qualifiers
83 - 3.10 Lvalues and rvalues
85 - 4 Standard conversions
85 - 4.1 Lvalue to rvalue conversion
86 - 4.2 Array to pointer conversion
86 - 4.3 Function to pointer conversion
86 - 4.4 Qualification conversions
87 - 4.5 Integral promotions
87 - 4.6 Floating point promotion
88 - 4.7 Integral conversions
88 - 4.8 Floating point conversions
88 - 4.9 Floating integral conversions
88 - 4.10 Pointer conversions
89 - 4.11 Pointer to member conversions
89 - 4.12 Boolean conversions
91 - 5 Expressions
92 - 5.1 Primary expressions
94 - 5.2 Postfix expressions
94 - 5.2.1 Subscripting
94 - 5.2.2 Function call
96 - 5.2.3 Explicit type conversion (functional notation)
96 - 5.2.4 Pseudo destructor call
96 - 5.2.5 Class member access
97 - 5.2.6 Increment and decrement
98 - 5.2.7 Dynamic cast
99 - 5.2.8 Type identification
100 - 5.2.9 Static cast
101 - 5.2.10 Reinterpret cast
102 - 5.2.11 Const cast
104 - 5.3 Unary expressions
104 - 5.3.1 Unary operators
105 - 5.3.2 Increment and decrement
105 - 5.3.3 Sizeof
106 - 5.3.4 New
109 - 5.3.5 Delete
110 - 5.4 Explicit type conversion (cast notation)
111 - 5.5 Pointer to member operators
111 - 5.6 Multiplicative operators
112 - 5.7 Additive operators
113 - 5.8 Shift operators
113 - 5.9 Relational operators
114 - 5.10 Equality operators
115 - 5.11 Bitwise AND operator
115 - 5.12 Bitwise exclusive OR operator
115 - 5.13 Bitwise inclusive OR operator
115 - 5.14 Logical AND operator
116 - 5.15 Logical OR operator
116 - 5.16 Conditional operator
117 - 5.17 Assignment operators
118 - 5.18 Comma operator
118 - 5.19 Constant expressions
121 - 6 Statements
121 - 6.1 Labeled statement
121 - 6.2 Expression statement
121 - 6.3 Compound statement or block
122 - 6.4 Selection statements
123 - 6.4.1 The if statement
123 - 6.4.2 The switch statement
123 - 6.5 Iteration statements
124 - 6.5.1 The while statement
124 - 6.5.2 The do statement
125 - 6.5.3 The for statement
125 - 6.6 Jump statements
125 - 6.6.1 The break statement
126 - 6.6.2 The continue statement
126 - 6.6.3 The return statement
126 - 6.6.4 The goto statement
126 - 6.7 Declaration statement
127 - 6.8 Ambiguity resolution
129 - 7 Declarations
130 - 7.1 Specifiers
131 - 7.1.1 Storage class specifiers
132 - 7.1.2 Function specifiers
133 - 7.1.3 The typedef specifier
134 - 7.1.4 The friend specifier
134 - 7.1.5 Type specifiers
135 - 7.1.5.1 The cv qualifiers
136 - 7.1.5.2 Simple type specifiers
137 - 7.1.5.3 Elaborated type specifiers
138 - 7.2 Enumeration declarations
140 - 7.3 Namespaces
140 - 7.3.1 Namespace definition
141 - 7.3.1.1 Unnamed namespaces
141 - 7.3.1.2 Namespace member definitions
143 - 7.3.2 Namespace alias
143 - 7.3.3 The using declaration
148 - 7.3.4 Using directive
151 - 7.4 The asm declaration
151 - 7.5 Linkage specifications
155 - 8 Declarators
156 - 8.1 Type names
156 - 8.2 Ambiguity resolution
158 - 8.3 Meaning of declarators
159 - 8.3.1 Pointers
160 - 8.3.2 References
161 - 8.3.3 Pointers to members
161 - 8.3.4 Arrays
163 - 8.3.5 Functions
165 - 8.3.6 Default arguments
168 - 8.4 Function definitions
169 - 8.5 Initializers
172 - 8.5.1 Aggregates
174 - 8.5.2 Character arrays
175 - 8.5.3 References
177 - 9 Classes
177 - 9.1 Class names
179 - 9.2 Class members
181 - 9.3 Member functions
182 - 9.3.1 Nonstatic member functions
183 - 9.3.2 The this pointer
184 - 9.4 Static members
185 - 9.4.1 Static member functions
185 - 9.4.2 Static data members
186 - 9.5 Unions
187 - 9.6 Bit fields
188 - 9.7 Nested class declarations
189 - 9.8 Local class declarations
189 - 9.9 Nested type names
191 - 10 Derived classes
192 - 10.1 Multiple base classes
193 - 10.2 Member name lookup
196 - 10.3 Virtual functions
200 - 10.4 Abstract classes
203 - 11 Member access control
204 - 11.1 Access specifiers
205 - 11.2 Accessibility of base classes and base class members
206 - 11.3 Access declarations
207 - 11.4 Friends
210 - 11.5 Protected member access
211 - 11.6 Access to virtual functions
211 - 11.7 Multiple access
212 - 11.8 Nested classes
213 - 12 Special member functions
213 - 12.1 Constructors
215 - 12.2 Temporary objects
216 - 12.3 Conversions
217 - 12.3.1 Conversion by constructor
218 - 12.3.2 Conversion functions
219 - 12.4 Destructors
222 - 12.5 Free store
223 - 12.6 Initialization
224 - 12.6.1 Explicit initialization
225 - 12.6.2 Initializing bases and members
228 - 12.7 Construction and destruction
231 - 12.8 Copying class objects
237 - 13 Overloading
237 - 13.1 Overloadable declarations
239 - 13.2 Declaration matching
240 - 13.3 Overload resolution
241 - 13.3.1 Candidate functions and argument lists
242 - 13.3.1.1 Function call syntax
242 - 13.3.1.1.1 Call to named function
243 - 13.3.1.1.2 Call to object of class type
244 - 13.3.1.2 Operators in expressions
246 - 13.3.1.3 Initialization by constructor
246 - 13.3.1.4 Copy initialization of class by user defined conversion
246 - 13.3.1.5 Initialization by conversion function
247 - 13.3.1.6 Initialization by conversion function for direct reference binding
247 - 13.3.2 Viable functions
247 - 13.3.3 Best Viable Function
249 - 13.3.3.1 Implicit conversion sequences
250 - 13.3.3.1.1 Standard conversion sequences
251 - 13.3.3.1.2 User defined conversion sequences
251 - 13.3.3.1.3 Ellipsis conversion sequences
252 - 13.3.3.1.4 Reference binding
252 - 13.3.3.2 Ranking implicit conversion sequences
254 - 13.4 Address of overloaded function
255 - 13.5 Overloaded operators
256 - 13.5.1 Unary operators
257 - 13.5.2 Binary operators
257 - 13.5.3 Assignment
257 - 13.5.4 Function call
258 - 13.5.5 Subscripting
258 - 13.5.6 Class member access
258 - 13.5.7 Increment and decrement
259 - 13.6 Built in operators
263 - 14 Templates
264 - 14.1 Template parameters
266 - 14.2 Names of template specializations
267 - 14.3 Template arguments
269 - 14.3.1 Template type arguments
270 - 14.3.2 Template non type arguments
271 - 14.3.3 Template template arguments
272 - 14.4 Type equivalence
272 - 14.5 Template declarations
272 - 14.5.1 Class templates
273 - 14.5.1.1 Member functions of class templates
274 - 14.5.1.2 Member classes of class templates
274 - 14.5.1.3 Static data members of class templates
274 - 14.5.2 Member templates
276 - 14.5.3 Friends
278 - 14.5.4 Class template partial specializations
280 - 14.5.4.1 Matching of class template partial specializations
280 - 14.5.4.2 Partial ordering of class template specializations
281 - 14.5.4.3 Members of class template specializations
282 - 14.5.5 Function templates
282 - 14.5.5.1 Function template overloading
284 - 14.5.5.2 Partial ordering of function templates
285 - 14.6 Name resolution
288 - 14.6.1 Locally declared names
290 - 14.6.2 Dependent names
291 - 14.6.2.1 Dependent types
291 - 14.6.2.2 Type dependent expressions
292 - 14.6.2.3 Value dependent expressions
292 - 14.6.2.4 Dependent template arguments
293 - 14.6.3 Non dependent names
293 - 14.6.4 Dependent name resolution
293 - 14.6.4.1 Point of instantiation
294 - 14.6.4.2 Candidate functions
294 - 14.6.5 Friend names declared within a class template
295 - 14.7 Template instantiation and specialization
296 - 14.7.1 Implicit instantiation
299 - 14.7.2 Explicit instantiation
300 - 14.7.3 Explicit specialization
305 - 14.8 Function template specializations
306 - 14.8.1 Explicit template argument specification
308 - 14.8.2 Template argument deduction
310 - 14.8.2.1 Deducing template arguments from a function call
311 - 14.8.2.2 Deducing template arguments taking the address of a function template
311 - 14.8.2.3 Deducing conversion function template arguments
311 - 14.8.2.4 Deducing template arguments from a type
316 - 14.8.3 Overload resolution
319 - 15 Exception handling
320 - 15.1 Throwing an exception
322 - 15.2 Constructors and destructors
322 - 15.3 Handling an exception
324 - 15.4 Exception specifications
326 - 15.5 Special functions
326 - 15.5.1 The terminate() function
327 - 15.5.2 The unexpected() function
327 - 15.5.3 The uncaught_exception() function
327 - 15.6 Exceptions and access
329 - 16 Preprocessing directives
330 - 16.1 Conditional inclusion
331 - 16.2 Source file inclusion
332 - 16.3 Macro replacement
333 - 16.3.1 Argument substitution
333 - 16.3.2 The # operator
334 - 16.3.3 The ## operator
334 - 16.3.4 Rescanning and further replacement
334 - 16.3.5 Scope of macro definitions
336 - 16.4 Line control
336 - 16.5 Error directive
336 - 16.6 Pragma directive
336 - 16.7 Null directive
337 - 16.8 Predefined macro names
339 - 17 Library introduction
339 - 17.1 Definitions
341 - 17.2 Additional definitions
341 - 17.3 Method of description (Informative)
341 - 17.3.1 Structure of each subclause
342 - 17.3.1.1 Summary
342 - 17.3.1.2 Requirements
342 - 17.3.1.3 Specifications
343 - 17.3.1.4 C Library
343 - 17.3.2 Other conventions
343 - 17.3.2.1 Type descriptions
344 - 17.3.2.1.1 Enumerated types
344 - 17.3.2.1.2 Bitmask types
345 - 17.3.2.1.3 Character sequences
345 - 17.3.2.1.3.1 Byte strings
346 - 17.3.2.1.3.2 Multibyte strings
346 - 17.3.2.1.3.3 Wide character sequences
346 - 17.3.2.2 Functions within classes
346 - 17.3.2.3 Private members
346 - 17.4 Library wide requirements
347 - 17.4.1 Library contents and organization
347 - 17.4.1.1 Library contents
347 - 17.4.1.2 Headers
348 - 17.4.1.3 Freestanding implementations
348 - 17.4.2 Using the library
348 - 17.4.2.1 Headers
349 - 17.4.2.2 Linkage
349 - 17.4.3 Constraints on programs
349 - 17.4.3.1 Reserved names
349 - 17.4.3.1.1 Macro names
349 - 17.4.3.1.2 Global names
350 - 17.4.3.1.3 External linkage
350 - 17.4.3.1.4 Types
350 - 17.4.3.2 Headers
350 - 17.4.3.3 Derived classes
350 - 17.4.3.4 Replacement functions
351 - 17.4.3.5 Handler functions
351 - 17.4.3.6 Other functions
352 - 17.4.3.7 Function arguments
352 - 17.4.3.8 Required paragraph
352 - 17.4.4 Conforming implementations
352 - 17.4.4.1 Headers
352 - 17.4.4.2 Restrictions on macro definitions
352 - 17.4.4.3 Global functions
353 - 17.4.4.4 Member functions
353 - 17.4.4.5 Reentrancy
353 - 17.4.4.6 Protection within classes
353 - 17.4.4.7 Derived classes
353 - 17.4.4.8 Restrictions on exception handling
355 - 18 Language support library
355 - 18.1 Types
356 - 18.2 Implementation properties
356 - 18.2.1 Numeric limits
356 - 18.2.1.1 Template class numeric_limits
357 - 18.2.1.2 numeric_limits members
361 - 18.2.1.3 Type float_round_style
362 - 18.2.1.4 Type float_denorm_style
362 - 18.2.1.5 numeric_limits specializations
363 - 18.2.2 C Library
364 - 18.3 Start and termination
365 - 18.4 Dynamic memory management
365 - 18.4.1 Storage allocation and deallocation
365 - 18.4.1.1 Single object forms
366 - 18.4.1.2 Array forms
367 - 18.4.1.3 Placement forms
368 - 18.4.2 Storage allocation errors
368 - 18.4.2.1 Class bad_alloc
368 - 18.4.2.2 Type new_handler
369 - 18.4.2.3 set_new_handler
369 - 18.5 Type identification
369 - 18.5.1 Class type_info
370 - 18.5.2 Class bad_cast
370 - 18.5.3 Class bad_typeid
371 - 18.6 Exception handling
371 - 18.6.1 Class exception
372 - 18.6.2 Violating exception specifications
372 - 18.6.2.1 Class bad_exception
373 - 18.6.2.2 Type unexpected_handler
373 - 18.6.2.3 set_unexpected
373 - 18.6.2.4 unexpected
373 - 18.6.3 Abnormal termination
373 - 18.6.3.1 Type terminate_handler
373 - 18.6.3.2 set_terminate
373 - 18.6.3.3 terminate
374 - 18.6.4 uncaught_exception
374 - 18.7 Other runtime support
377 - 19 Diagnostics library
377 - 19.1 Exception classes
377 - 19.1.1 Class logic_error
378 - 19.1.2 Class domain_error
378 - 19.1.3 Class invalid_argument
378 - 19.1.4 Class length_error
379 - 19.1.5 Class out_of_range
379 - 19.1.6 Class runtime_error
379 - 19.1.7 Class range_error
379 - 19.1.8 Class overflow_error
380 - 19.2 Assertions
380 - 19.3 Error numbers
381 - 20 General utilities library
381 - 20.1 Requirements
381 - 20.1.1 Equality comparison
381 - 20.1.2 Less than comparison
382 - 20.1.3 Copy construction
382 - 20.1.4 Default construction
382 - 20.1.5 Allocator requirements
385 - 20.2 Utility components
385 - 20.2.1 Operators
386 - 20.2.2 Pairs
387 - 20.3 Function objects
389 - 20.3.1 Base
389 - 20.3.2 Arithmetic operations
390 - 20.3.3 Comparisons
391 - 20.3.4 Logical operations
391 - 20.3.5 Negators
392 - 20.3.6 Binders
392 - 20.3.6.1 Template class binder1st
392 - 20.3.6.2 bind1st
392 - 20.3.6.3 Template class binder2nd
393 - 20.3.6.4 bind2nd
393 - 20.3.7 Adaptors for pointers to functions
394 - 20.3.8 Adaptors for pointers to members
396 - 20.4 Memory
396 - 20.4.1 The default allocator
397 - 20.4.1.1 allocator members
398 - 20.4.1.2 allocator globals
398 - 20.4.2 Raw storage iterator
399 - 20.4.3 Temporary buffers
399 - 20.4.4 Specialized algorithms
399 - 20.4.4.1 uninitialized_copy
400 - 20.4.4.2 uninitialized_fill
400 - 20.4.4.3 uninitialized_fill_n
400 - 20.4.5 Template class auto_ptr
401 - 20.4.5.1 auto_ptr constructors
401 - 20.4.5.2 auto_ptr members
402 - 20.4.5.3 auto_ptr conversions
402 - 20.4.6 C Library
403 - 20.5 Date and time
405 - 21 Strings library
405 - 21.1 Character traits
405 - 21.1.1 Character traits requirements
407 - 21.1.2 traits typedefs
407 - 21.1.3 char_traits specializations
407 - 21.1.3.1 struct char_traits
408 - 21.1.3.2 struct char_traits
409 - 21.2 String classes
411 - 21.3 Template class basic_string
415 - 21.3.1 basic_string constructors
418 - 21.3.2 basic_string iterator support
418 - 21.3.3 basic_string capacity
419 - 21.3.4 basic_string element access
420 - 21.3.5 basic_string modifiers
420 - 21.3.5.1 basic_string::operator+=
420 - 21.3.5.2 basic_string::append
421 - 21.3.5.3 basic_string::assign
421 - 21.3.5.4 basic_string::insert
422 - 21.3.5.5 basic_string::erase
423 - 21.3.5.6 basic_string::replace
424 - 21.3.5.7 basic_string::copy
425 - 21.3.5.8 basic_string::swap
425 - 21.3.6 basic_string string operations
425 - 21.3.6.1 basic_string::find
426 - 21.3.6.2 basic_string::rfind
426 - 21.3.6.3 basic_string::find_first_of
427 - 21.3.6.4 basic_string::find_last_of
427 - 21.3.6.5 basic_string::find_first_not_of
428 - 21.3.6.6 basic_string::find_last_not_of
428 - 21.3.6.7 basic_string::substr
428 - 21.3.6.8 basic_string::compare
429 - 21.3.7 basic_string non member functions
429 - 21.3.7.1 operator+
430 - 21.3.7.2 operator==
430 - 21.3.7.3 operator!=
431 - 21.3.7.4 operator<
431 - 21.3.7.5 operator>
431 - 21.3.7.6 operator<=
432 - 21.3.7.7 operator>=
432 - 21.3.7.8 swap
432 - 21.3.7.9 Inserters and extractors
433 - 21.4 Null terminated sequence utilities
437 - 22 Localization library
437 - 22.1 Locales
438 - 22.1.1 Class locale
440 - 22.1.1.1 locale types
440 - 22.1.1.1.1 Type locale::category
442 - 22.1.1.1.2 Class locale::facet
442 - 22.1.1.1.3 Class locale::id
443 - 22.1.1.2 locale constructors and destructor
444 - 22.1.1.3 locale members
444 - 22.1.1.4 locale operators
444 - 22.1.1.5 locale static members
445 - 22.1.2 locale globals
445 - 22.1.3 Convenience interfaces
445 - 22.1.3.1 Character classification
445 - 22.1.3.2 Character conversions
446 - 22.2 Standard locale categories
446 - 22.2.1 The ctype category
446 - 22.2.1.1 Template class ctype
447 - 22.2.1.1.1 ctype members
448 - 22.2.1.1.2 ctype virtual functions
449 - 22.2.1.2 Template class ctype_byname
450 - 22.2.1.3 ctype specializations
451 - 22.2.1.3.1 ctype destructor
451 - 22.2.1.3.2 ctype members
452 - 22.2.1.3.3 ctype static members
452 - 22.2.1.3.4 ctype virtual functions
453 - 22.2.1.4 Class ctype_byname
453 - 22.2.1.5 Template class codecvt
454 - 22.2.1.5.1 codecvt members
455 - 22.2.1.5.2 codecvt virtual functions
457 - 22.2.1.6 Template class codecvt_byname
457 - 22.2.2 The numeric category
457 - 22.2.2.1 Template class num_get
459 - 22.2.2.1.1 num_get members
459 - 22.2.2.1.2 num_get virtual functions
461 - 22.2.2.2 Template class num_put
462 - 22.2.2.2.1 num_put members
462 - 22.2.2.2.2 num_put virtual functions
465 - 22.2.3 The numeric punctuation facet
465 - 22.2.3.1 Template class numpunct
466 - 22.2.3.1.1 numpunct members
467 - 22.2.3.1.2 numpunct virtual functions
467 - 22.2.3.2 Template class numpunct_byname
467 - 22.2.4 The collate category
467 - 22.2.4.1 Template class collate
468 - 22.2.4.1.1 collate members
468 - 22.2.4.1.2 collate virtual functions
469 - 22.2.4.2 Template class collate_byname
469 - 22.2.5 The time category
469 - 22.2.5.1 Template class time_get
470 - 22.2.5.1.1 time_get members
471 - 22.2.5.1.2 time_get virtual functions
472 - 22.2.5.2 Template class time_get_byname
472 - 22.2.5.3 Template class time_put
473 - 22.2.5.3.1 time_put members
473 - 22.2.5.3.2 time_put virtual functions
473 - 22.2.5.4 Template class time_put_byname
474 - 22.2.6 The monetary category
474 - 22.2.6.1 Template class money_get
474 - 22.2.6.1.1 money_get members
474 - 22.2.6.1.2 money_get virtual functions
476 - 22.2.6.2 Template class money_put
476 - 22.2.6.2.1 money_put members
476 - 22.2.6.2.2 money_put virtual functions
477 - 22.2.6.3 Template class moneypunct
478 - 22.2.6.3.1 moneypunct members
478 - 22.2.6.3.2 moneypunct virtual functions
479 - 22.2.6.4 Template class moneypunct_byname
480 - 22.2.7 The message retrieval category
480 - 22.2.7.1 Template class messages
480 - 22.2.7.1.1 messages members
481 - 22.2.7.1.2 messages virtual functions
481 - 22.2.7.2 Template class messages_byname
481 - 22.2.8 Program defined facets
485 - 22.3 C Library Locales
487 - 23 Containers library
487 - 23.1 Container requirements
490 - 23.1.1 Sequences
492 - 23.1.2 Associative containers
495 - 23.2 Sequences
498 - 23.2.1 Template class deque
500 - 23.2.1.1 deque constructors, copy, and assignment
501 - 23.2.1.2 deque capacity
501 - 23.2.1.3 deque modifiers
501 - 23.2.1.4 deque specialized algorithms
502 - 23.2.2 Template class list
504 - 23.2.2.1 list constructors, copy, and assignment
505 - 23.2.2.2 list capacity
505 - 23.2.2.3 list modifiers
505 - 23.2.2.4 list operations
507 - 23.2.2.5 list specialized algorithms
507 - 23.2.3 Container adaptors
507 - 23.2.3.1 Template class queue
508 - 23.2.3.2 Template class priority_queue
509 - 23.2.3.2.1 priority_queue constructors
509 - 23.2.3.2.2 priority_queue members
509 - 23.2.3.3 Template class stack
510 - 23.2.4 Template class vector
512 - 23.2.4.1 vector constructors, copy, and assignment
513 - 23.2.4.2 vector capacity
513 - 23.2.4.3 vector modifiers
514 - 23.2.4.4 vector specialized algorithms
514 - 23.2.5 Class vector
516 - 23.3 Associative containers
518 - 23.3.1 Template class map
520 - 23.3.1.1 map constructors, copy, and assignment
521 - 23.3.1.2 map element access
521 - 23.3.1.3 map operations
521 - 23.3.1.4 map specialized algorithms
521 - 23.3.2 Template class multimap
524 - 23.3.2.1 multimap constructors
524 - 23.3.2.2 multimap operations
524 - 23.3.2.3 multimap specialized algorithms
524 - 23.3.3 Template class set
526 - 23.3.3.1 set constructors, copy, and assignment
527 - 23.3.3.2 set specialized algorithms
527 - 23.3.4 Template class multiset
529 - 23.3.4.1 multiset constructors
529 - 23.3.4.2 multiset specialized algorithms
530 - 23.3.5 Template class bitset
531 - 23.3.5.1 bitset constructors
532 - 23.3.5.2 bitset members
534 - 23.3.5.3 bitset operators
537 - 24 Iterators library
537 - 24.1 Iterator requirements
538 - 24.1.1 Input iterators
539 - 24.1.2 Output iterators
540 - 24.1.3 Forward iterators
541 - 24.1.4 Bidirectional iterators
541 - 24.1.5 Random access iterators
542 - 24.2 Header synopsis
544 - 24.3 Iterator primitives
544 - 24.3.1 Iterator traits
545 - 24.3.2 Basic iterator
546 - 24.3.3 Standard iterator tags
547 - 24.3.4 Iterator operations
547 - 24.4 Predefined iterators
547 - 24.4.1 Reverse iterators
549 - 24.4.1.2 reverse_iterator requirements
549 - 24.4.1.3 reverse_iterator operations
549 - 24.4.1.3.1 reverse_iterator constructor
549 - 24.4.1.3.2 Conversion
549 - 24.4.1.3.3 operator*
550 - 24.4.1.3.4 operator >
550 - 24.4.1.3.5 operator++
550 - 24.4.1.3.6 operator
550 - 24.4.1.3.7 operator+
550 - 24.4.1.3.8 operator+=
551 - 24.4.1.3.9 operator
551 - 24.4.1.3.10 operator =
551 - 24.4.1.3.11 operator[]
551 - 24.4.1.3.12 operator==
551 - 24.4.1.3.13 operator<
551 - 24.4.1.3.14 operator!=
551 - 24.4.1.3.15 operator>
552 - 24.4.1.3.16 operator>=
552 - 24.4.1.3.17 operator<=
552 - 24.4.1.3.18 operator
552 - 24.4.1.3.19 operator+
552 - 24.4.2 Insert iterators
553 - 24.4.2.1 Template class back_insert_iterator
553 - 24.4.2.2 back_insert_iterator operations
553 - 24.4.2.2.1 back_insert_iterator constructor
553 - 24.4.2.2.2 back_insert_iterator::operator=
553 - 24.4.2.2.3 back_insert_iterator::operator*
553 - 24.4.2.2.4 back_insert_iterator::operator++
554 - 24.4.2.2.5 back_inserter
554 - 24.4.2.3 Template class front_insert_iterator
554 - 24.4.2.4 front_insert_iterator operations
554 - 24.4.2.4.1 front_insert_iterator constructor
554 - 24.4.2.4.2 front_insert_iterator::operator=
554 - 24.4.2.4.3 front_insert_iterator::operator*
555 - 24.4.2.4.4 front_insert_iterator::operator++
555 - 24.4.2.4.5 front_inserter
555 - 24.4.2.5 Template class insert_iterator
555 - 24.4.2.6 insert_iterator operations
555 - 24.4.2.6.1 insert_iterator constructor
555 - 24.4.2.6.2 insert_iterator::operator=
556 - 24.4.2.6.3 insert_iterator::operator*
556 - 24.4.2.6.4 insert_iterator::operator++
556 - 24.4.2.6.5 inserter
556 - 24.5 Stream iterators
556 - 24.5.1 Template class istream_iterator
557 - 24.5.1.1 istream_iterator constructors and destructor
557 - 24.5.1.2 istream_iterator operations
558 - 24.5.2 Template class ostream_iterator
559 - 24.5.2.1 ostream_iterator constructors and destructor
559 - 24.5.2.2 ostream_iterator operations
559 - 24.5.3 Template class istreambuf_iterator
560 - 24.5.3.1 Template class istreambuf_iterator::proxy
561 - 24.5.3.2 istreambuf_iterator constructors
561 - 24.5.3.3 istreambuf_iterator::operator*
561 - 24.5.3.4 istreambuf_iterator::operator++
561 - 24.5.3.5 istreambuf_iterator::equal
561 - 24.5.3.6 operator==
562 - 24.5.3.7 operator!=
562 - 24.5.4 Template class ostreambuf_iterator
562 - 24.5.4.1 ostreambuf_iterator constructors
562 - 24.5.4.2 ostreambuf_iterator operations
565 - 25 Algorithms library
573 - 25.1 Non modifying sequence operations
573 - 25.1.1 For each
574 - 25.1.2 Find
574 - 25.1.3 Find End
574 - 25.1.4 Find First
575 - 25.1.5 Adjacent find
575 - 25.1.6 Count
575 - 25.1.7 Mismatch
576 - 25.1.8 Equal
576 - 25.1.9 Search
577 - 25.2 Mutating sequence operations
577 - 25.2.1 Copy
577 - 25.2.2 Swap
578 - 25.2.3 Transform
578 - 25.2.4 Replace
579 - 25.2.5 Fill
579 - 25.2.6 Generate
579 - 25.2.7 Remove
580 - 25.2.8 Unique
580 - 25.2.9 Reverse
581 - 25.2.10 Rotate
581 - 25.2.11 Random shuffle
582 - 25.2.12 Partitions
582 - 25.3 Sorting and related operations
583 - 25.3.1 Sorting
583 - 25.3.1.1 sort
583 - 25.3.1.2 stable_sort
583 - 25.3.1.3 partial_sort
584 - 25.3.1.4 partial_sort_copy
584 - 25.3.2 Nth element
584 - 25.3.3 Binary search
584 - 25.3.3.1 lower_bound
585 - 25.3.3.2 upper_bound
585 - 25.3.3.3 equal_range
585 - 25.3.3.4 binary_search
586 - 25.3.4 Merge
586 - 25.3.5 Set operations on sorted structures
587 - 25.3.5.1 includes
587 - 25.3.5.2 set_union
587 - 25.3.5.3 set_intersection
588 - 25.3.5.4 set_difference
588 - 25.3.5.5 set_symmetric_difference
588 - 25.3.6 Heap operations
589 - 25.3.6.1 push_heap
589 - 25.3.6.2 pop_heap
589 - 25.3.6.3 make_heap
589 - 25.3.6.4 sort_heap
590 - 25.3.7 Minimum and maximum
590 - 25.3.8 Lexicographical comparison
591 - 25.3.9 Permutation generators
591 - 25.4 C library algorithms
593 - 26 Numerics library
593 - 26.1 Numeric type requirements
594 - 26.2 Complex numbers
594 - 26.2.1 Header synopsis
595 - 26.2.2 Template class complex
597 - 26.2.3 complex specializations
598 - 26.2.4 complex member functions
598 - 26.2.5 complex member operators
599 - 26.2.6 complex non member operations
600 - 26.2.7 complex value operations
601 - 26.2.8 complex transcendentals
602 - 26.3 Numeric arrays
602 - 26.3.1 Header synopsis
605 - 26.3.2 Template class valarray
606 - 26.3.2.1 valarray constructors
607 - 26.3.2.2 valarray assignment
608 - 26.3.2.3 valarray element access
608 - 26.3.2.4 valarray subset operations
608 - 26.3.2.5 valarray unary operators
609 - 26.3.2.6 valarray computed assignment
609 - 26.3.2.7 valarray member functions
611 - 26.3.3 valarray non member operations
611 - 26.3.3.1 valarray binary operators
612 - 26.3.3.2 valarray logical operators
613 - 26.3.4 Class slice
613 - 26.3.4.1 slice constructors
614 - 26.3.4.2 slice access functions
614 - 26.3.5 Template class slice_array
615 - 26.3.5.1 slice_array constructors
615 - 26.3.5.2 slice_array assignment
615 - 26.3.5.3 slice_array computed assignment
615 - 26.3.5.4 slice_array fill function
615 - 26.3.6 The gslice class
616 - 26.3.6.1 gslice constructors
617 - 26.3.6.2 gslice access functions
617 - 26.3.7 Template class gslice_array
617 - 26.3.7.1 gslice_array constructors
618 - 26.3.7.2 gslice_array assignment
618 - 26.3.7.3 gslice_array computed assignment
618 - 26.3.7.4 gslice_array fill function
618 - 26.3.8 Template class mask_array
619 - 26.3.8.1 mask_array constructors
619 - 26.3.8.2 mask_array assignment
619 - 26.3.8.3 mask_array computed assignment
620 - 26.3.8.4 mask_array fill function
620 - 26.3.9 Template class indirect_array
620 - 26.3.9.1 indirect_array constructors
621 - 26.3.9.2 indirect_array assignment
621 - 26.3.9.3 indirect_array computed assignment
621 - 26.3.9.4 indirect_array fill function
621 - 26.4 Generalized numeric operations
622 - 26.4.1 Accumulate
623 - 26.4.2 Inner product
623 - 26.4.3 Partial sum
623 - 26.4.4 Adjacent difference
624 - 26.5 C Library
627 - 27 Input/output library
627 - 27.1 Iostreams requirements
627 - 27.1.1 Imbue Limitations
627 - 27.1.2 Positioning Type Limitations
627 - 27.2 Forward declarations
630 - 27.3 Standard iostream objects
630 - 27.3.1 Narrow stream objects
631 - 27.3.2 Wide stream objects
632 - 27.4 Iostreams base classes
632 - 27.4.1 Types
633 - 27.4.2 Class ios_base
635 - 27.4.2.1 Types
635 - 27.4.2.1.1 Class ios_base::failure
635 - 27.4.2.1.2 Type ios_base::fmtflags
636 - 27.4.2.1.3 Type ios_base::iostate
637 - 27.4.2.1.4 Type ios_base::openmode
637 - 27.4.2.1.5 Type ios_base::seekdir
637 - 27.4.2.1.6 Class ios_base::Init
638 - 27.4.2.2 ios_base fmtflags state functions
639 - 27.4.2.3 ios_base locale functions
639 - 27.4.2.4 ios_base static members
639 - 27.4.2.5 ios_base storage functions
640 - 27.4.2.6 ios_base callbacks
640 - 27.4.2.7 ios_base constructors/destructors
640 - 27.4.3 Template class fpos
640 - 27.4.3.1 fpos Members
640 - 27.4.3.2 fpos requirements
641 - 27.4.4 Template class basic_ios
642 - 27.4.4.1 basic_ios constructors
643 - 27.4.4.2 Member functions
644 - 27.4.4.3 basic_ios iostate flags functions
645 - 27.4.5 ios_base manipulators
645 - 27.4.5.1 fmtflags manipulators
646 - 27.4.5.2 adjustfield manipulators
647 - 27.4.5.3 basefield manipulators
647 - 27.4.5.4 floatfield manipulators
647 - 27.5 Stream buffers
648 - 27.5.1 Stream buffer requirements
648 - 27.5.2 Template class basic_streambuf
650 - 27.5.2.1 basic_streambuf constructors
651 - 27.5.2.2 basic_streambuf public member functions
651 - 27.5.2.2.1 Locales
651 - 27.5.2.2.2 Buffer management and positioning
651 - 27.5.2.2.3 Get area
652 - 27.5.2.2.4 Putback
652 - 27.5.2.2.5 Put area
652 - 27.5.2.3 basic_streambuf protected member functions
652 - 27.5.2.3.1 Get area access
653 - 27.5.2.3.2 Put area access
653 - 27.5.2.4 basic_streambuf virtual functions
653 - 27.5.2.4.1 Locales
653 - 27.5.2.4.2 Buffer management and positioning
654 - 27.5.2.4.3 Get area
655 - 27.5.2.4.4 Putback
656 - 27.5.2.4.5 Put area
657 - 27.6 Formatting and manipulators
658 - 27.6.1 Input streams
658 - 27.6.1.1 Template class basic_istream
660 - 27.6.1.1.1 basic_istream constructors
660 - 27.6.1.1.2 Class basic_istream::sentry
661 - 27.6.1.2 Formatted input functions
661 - 27.6.1.2.1 Common requirements
661 - 27.6.1.2.2 Arithmetic Extractors
662 - 27.6.1.2.3 basic_istream::operator>>
663 - 27.6.1.3 Unformatted input functions
667 - 27.6.1.4 Standard basic_istream manipulators
667 - 27.6.1.5 Template class basic_iostream
668 - 27.6.1.5.1 basic_iostream constructors
668 - 27.6.1.5.2 basic_iostream destructor
668 - 27.6.2 Output streams
668 - 27.6.2.1 Template class basic_ostream
670 - 27.6.2.2 basic_ostream constructors
670 - 27.6.2.3 Class basic_ostream::sentry
671 - 27.6.2.4 basic_ostream seek members
671 - 27.6.2.5 Formatted output functions
671 - 27.6.2.5.1 Common requirements
671 - 27.6.2.5.2 Arithmetic Inserters
672 - 27.6.2.5.3 basic_ostream::operator<<
673 - 27.6.2.5.4 Character inserter template functions
673 - 27.6.2.6 Unformatted output functions
674 - 27.6.2.7 Standard basic_ostream manipulators
674 - 27.6.3 Standard manipulators
676 - 27.7 String based streams
677 - 27.7.1 Template class basic_stringbuf
678 - 27.7.1.1 basic_stringbuf constructors
678 - 27.7.1.2 Member functions
679 - 27.7.1.3 Overridden virtual functions
681 - 27.7.2 Template class basic_istringstream
681 - 27.7.2.1 basic_istringstream constructors
682 - 27.7.2.2 Member functions
682 - 27.7.3 Class basic_ostringstream
683 - 27.7.3.1 basic_ostringstream constructors
683 - 27.7.3.2 Member functions
683 - 27.7.4 Template class basic_stringstream
684 - 27.7.5 basic_stringstream constructors
684 - 27.7.6 Member functions
685 - 27.8 File based streams
685 - 27.8.1 File streams
685 - 27.8.1.1 Template class basic_filebuf
686 - 27.8.1.2 basic_filebuf constructors
687 - 27.8.1.3 Member functions
688 - 27.8.1.4 Overridden virtual functions
690 - 27.8.1.5 Template class basic_ifstream
691 - 27.8.1.6 basic_ifstream constructors
691 - 27.8.1.7 Member functions
692 - 27.8.1.8 Template class basic_ofstream
692 - 27.8.1.9 basic_ofstream constructors
693 - 27.8.1.10 Member functions
693 - 27.8.1.11 Template class basic_fstream
694 - 27.8.1.12 basic_fstream constructors
694 - 27.8.1.13 Member functions
694 - 27.8.2 C Library files
695 - Annex A Grammar summary
695 - A.1 Keywords
695 - A.2 Lexical conventions
699 - A.3 Basic concepts
699 - A.4 Expressions
702 - A.5 Statements
703 - A.6 Declarations
705 - A.7 Declarators
707 - A.8 Classes
708 - A.9 Derived classes
708 - A.10 Special member functions
708 - A.11 Overloading
709 - A.12 Templates
709 - A.13 Exception handling
710 - A.14 Preprocessing directives
713 - Annex B Implementation quantities
715 - Annex C Compatibility
715 - C.1 C++ and ISO C
715 - C.1.1 Clause 2: lexical conventions
716 - C.1.2 Clause 3: basic concepts
718 - C.1.3 Clause 5: expressions
718 - C.1.4 Clause 6: statements
719 - C.1.5 Clause 7: declarations
721 - C.1.6 Clause 8: declarators
722 - C.1.7 Clause 9: classes
723 - C.1.8 Clause 12: special member functions
724 - C.1.9 Clause 16: preprocessing directives
724 - C.2 Standard C library
726 - C.2.1 Modifications to headers
726 - C.2.2 Modifications to definitions
726 - C.2.2.1 Type wchar_t
727 - C.2.2.2 Header
727 - C.2.2.3 Macro NULL
727 - C.2.3 Modifications to declarations
727 - C.2.4 Modifications to behavior
727 - C.2.4.1 Macro offsetof( type, member designator)
727 - C.2.4.2 Memory allocation functions
729 - Annex D Compatibility features
729 - D.1 Postfix increment operator
729 - D.2 static keyword
729 - D.3 Access declarations
729 - D.4 Implicit conversion from const strings
729 - D.5 Standard C library headers
729 - D.6 Old iostreams members
731 - D.7 char* streams
731 - D.7.1 Class strstreambuf
733 - D.7.1.1 strstreambuf constructors
734 - D.7.1.2 Member functions
734 - D.7.1.3 strstreambuf overridden virtual functions
737 - D.7.2 Class istrstream
737 - D.7.2.1 istrstream constructors
737 - D.7.2.2 Member functions
738 - D.7.3 Class ostrstream
738 - D.7.3.1 ostrstream constructors
738 - D.7.3.2 Member functions
739 - D.7.4 Class strstream
739 - D.7.4.1 strstream constructors
740 - D.7.4.2 strstream destructor
740 - D.7.4.3 strstream operations
741 - Annex E Universal character names
743 - Index

Provides the requirements for the implementations of the C plus plus programming language. This language is based on the C programming language and provides additional data types, classes, templates, exceptions, namespaces, inline functions, operator and function name overloading references, free store management operators and additional library facilities. This Standard is identical with and reproduced with ISO 14882:1998.

First published as AS/NZS 14882:1999.