AS/NZS 4445.1:1997

1 - AS/NZS 4445.1:1997 SOLAR HEATING-DOMESTIC WATER HEATING SYSTEMS - PERFORMANCE RATING PROCEDURE USING INDOOR TEST METHODS
4 - PREFACE
6 - CONTENTS
7 - Foreword
8 - Introduction
11 - 1 Scope
11 - 2 Normative references
12 - 3 Definitions
12 - 3.1 absorber:
12 - 3.2 accuracy:
12 - 3.3 ambient air:
12 - 3.4 angle of incidence (of direct solar radiation):
12 - 3.5 aperture area:
12 - 3.6 aperture plane:
12 - 3.7 area, gross collector:
12 - 3.8 auxiliary energy:
12 - 3.9 auxiliary thermal (heat) source:
12 - 3.10 collector, solar; solar thermal collector:
12 - 3.11 collector, concentrating:
12 - 3.12 collector, flat-plate:
12 - 3.13 collector loop:
12 - 3.14 collector loop heater:
12 - 3.15 collector tilt angle:
12 - 3.16 control:
12 - 3.17 direct irradiance:
12 - 3.18 direct solar radiation:
12 - 3.19 domestic:
12 - 3.20 draw rate; water draw rate:
12 - 3.21 equivalent length:
12 - 3.22 fluid transport:
13 - 3.23 heat exchanger:
13 - 3.24 heat transfer fluid:
13 - 3.25 irradiance:
13 - 3.26 load:
13 - 3.27 potable:
13 - 3.28 precision:
13 - 3.29 preheating:
13 - 3.30 pyranometer:
13 - 3.31 pyrgeometer:
13 - 3.32 pyrheliometer:
13 - 3.33 solar energy:
13 - 3.34 solar contribution:
13 - 3.35 solar noon:
13 - 3.36 solar radiation:
13 - 3.37 solar irradiance simulator:
13 - 3.38 solar storage capacity:
13 - 3.39 solar hot water system:
13 - 3.40 standard air:
13 - 3.41 standard barometric pressure:
13 - 3.42 storage device (thermal):
13 - 3.43 storage tank volumetric capacity:
14 - 3.44 temperature, ambient air:
14 - 3.45 time constant:
14 - 3.46 thermopile:
14 - 4 Symbols and Units
15 - 5 System classifications
16 - 5.1 Attribute 1
16 - 5.2 Attribute 2
16 - 5.3 Attribute 3
16 - 5.4 Attribute 4
16 - 5.5 Attribute 5
16 - 5.6 Attribute 6
16 - 5.7 Attribute 7
17 - 6 Requirements for indoor testing of solar domestic hot water systems
17 - 6.1 System requirements
17 - 6.1.1 Test system configuration
17 - 6.1.2 Test system installation
18 - 6.1.3 Liquid flow system
18 - 6.1.4 Storage tank mounting
18 - 6.1.5 Fossil-fuel-fired auxiliary energy sources
18 - 6.2 Measurement requirements
18 - 6.2.1 Solar radiation
18 - 6.2.2 Temperature
19 - 6.2.3 Liquid flow
19 - 6.2.4 Air flow
19 - 6.2.5 Electrical energy
19 - 6.2.6 Fossil fuels
19 - 6.2.7 Mass
19 - 6.2.8 Elapsed time
19 - 6.2.9 Wind speed
19 - 6.2.10 Data recorders
19 - 6.3 Test method requirements
19 - 6.3.1 Solar irradiance simulator
21 - 6.3.2 Non-irradiated collector array in series with a conventional heat source
22 - 7 Indoor test procedures
22 - 7.1 Solar-only and solar-preheat systems
22 - 7.1.1 Purpose
22 - 7.1.2 Test procedure
22 - 7.1.3 Measurements
23 - 7.1.4 Calculations
23 - 7.2 Solar-plus-supplementary systems
23 - 7.2.1 Purpose
23 - 7.2.2 Test procedure with solar energy input
23 - 7.2.3 Test procedure with no solar energy input
23 - 7.2.4 Measurements
23 - 7.2.5 Calculations
24 - 7.3 Hot water - Continuous draw test - Solar energy only
24 - 7.3.1 Purpose
24 - 7.3.2 Test procedure
24 - 7.3.3 Measurements
24 - 7.3.4 Calculations
24 - 8 Recording and reporting of data
28 - Annex A - Test day specifications
28 - A.1 Energy load or energy content of hot water delivered by system
28 - A.2 Energy supplied by solar energy
28 - A.3 Test period
28 - A.4 Test conditions
30 - Annex B - Collector loop heater - Equations to be used in controlling thermal output
30 - B.1 Irradiated solar collector - Thermal performance
30 - B.2 Collector loop heater downstream of non-irradiated collector array
32 - B.3 Collector loop heater upstream of non-irradiated collector array
32 - B.4 Flowrate correction techniques
34 - Annex C - Calculation of spectrum-weighted values of optical properties
35 - Annex D - Calculation of equivalent irradiance
36 - D.1 Case 1 - Using a solar simulator
36 - D.2 Case 2 - Using a solar simulator
36 - D.3 Case 3 - Using a solar simulator
36 - D.4 Case 4 - Using a thermal simulator
37 - Annex E - Bibliography

This Standard provides an indoor test method for rating solar domestic water heating for thermal performance under benchmark conditions. This Standard is identical with and reproduced from ISO 9459.1:1993.

This part of ISO 9459 establishes a uniform indoor test method for rating solar domestic water heating systems for thermal performance, under benchmark conditions.It applies only to solar water heating systems designed solely to heat potable water to be supplied for domestic water usage.The test procedures described in this part of ISO 9459 are applicable to systems of solar storage capacity of 0,6 m3or less. It includes procedures for testing solar domestic hot water systems either with solar irradiance simulators or thermal simulation (non-irradiated) methods.The test procedures in this part of ISO 9459 which employ a non-irradiated solar collector array in series with a conventional heat source do not apply to integral collector storage systems, nor to systems in which thermosiphon flow occurs, nor to any system employing a collector/heat transfer fluid combination which cannot be tested in accordance with the collector test.The test procedures in this part of ISO 9459 do not require the solar water heating system to be subjected to freezing conditions. Consequently, the energy consumed or lost by a system while operating in the freeze- protection mode is not determined.This part of ISO 9459 is not generally applicable to concentrating or evacuated tube systems, unless the collimation requirements of 6.3.1.3 are met.It is not intended to be used for testing the individual components of the system, nor is it intended to abridge any safety or health requirements.

First published as AS/NZS 4445.1:1997.