AS/NZS 4511:1999

1 - AS/NZS 4511:1999 ULTRASONICS-PRESSURE PULSE LITHOTRIPTERS-CHARACTERISTICS OF FIELDS
4 - PREFACE
5 - CONTENTS
7 - 1 Scope
7 - 2 Normative references
8 - 3 Definitions
8 - 3.1 acoustic pulse energy
8 - 3.1.1 derived acoustic pulse energy
8 - 3.1.2 derived focal acoustic pulse energy
8 - 3.2 beam axis
8 - 3.3 compressional pulse duration
8 - 3.4 derived pulse-intensity integral
8 - 3.5 end-of-cable loaded sensitivity of a hydrophone
9 - 3.6 focal cross-sectional area
9 - 3.7 focal extent
9 - 3.8 focal volume
9 - 3.9 focal width, maximum
9 - 3.10 focal width, orthogonal
9 - 3.11 focus
9 - 3.12 hydrophone
10 - 3.13 instantaneous acoustic pressure
10 - 3.14 instantaneous intensity
10 - 3.15 lithotripsy equipment
10 - 3.16 peak-negative acoustic pressure, peak-rarefactional acoustic pressure
10 - 3.17 peak-positive acoustic pressure, peak-compressional acoustic pressure
10 - 3.18 pressure pulse
11 - 3.19 pressure pulse waveform
11 - 3.20 pulse-pressure-squared integral
11 - 3.21 rise time
11 - 3.22 target location
11 - 3.23 temporal integration limits
11 - 3.23.1 positive temporal integration limits
11 - 3.23.2 total temporal integration limits
12 - 4 List of symbols
12 - 5 Conditions of measurement
13 - 6 Test equipment
13 - 6.1 Test chamber
13 - 6.2 Hydrophone
13 - 6.2.1 Focus hydrophone
13 - 6.2.2 Field hydrophone
14 - 6.3 Voltage measurement
14 - 6.3.1 Oscilloscope or transient recorder
14 - 6.3.2 Pressure-pulse-waveform recording
14 - 7 Measurement procedure
14 - 7.1 Spatial measurements
15 - 7.2 Temporal measurements
15 - 7.3 Acoustic energy measurements
15 - 7.3.1 Pulse-pressure-squared integral
15 - 7.3.2 Derived pulse-intensity integral
15 - 7.3.3 Derived focal acoustic pulse energy
16 - 7.3.4 Derived acoustic pulse energy
17 - Annex A - Acoustic wave lithotripsy
17 - A.1 Background
17 - A.2 Percutaneous continuous wave systems
17 - A.3 Exclusions
17 - A.4 Extracorporeally induced lithotripsy
19 - Annex B - Types of pressure wave transducers
19 - B.1 Introduction
20 - B.2 Positioning systems
21 - Annex C - Field measurement
21 - C.1 Measurement probes and hydrophones
23 - C.2 Test chamber
23 - C.3 Degassing procedures
24 - C.4 Acoustic pulse energy
26 - Annex D - Bibliography

Specifies measureable parameters for the declaration of the acoustics output of extracorporeal lithotripsy equipment and methods of measurement and characterization of the pressure field generated by lithotripsy equipment. This Standard is identical with and has been reproduced from IEC61846:1998.

This International Standard is applicable to- lithotripsy equipment using extracorporeally induced pressure waves;- lithotripsy equipment producing focused mechanical energy.This International Standard does not apply to percutaneous and laser lithotripsy equipment.This International Standard specifies- measurable parameters which could be used in the declaration of the acoustic output of extracorporeal lithotripsy equipment,- methods of measurement and characterization of the pressure field generated by lithotripsy equipment.NOTE - The parameters defined in this International Standard do not - at the present time - allow quantitative statements to be made about effectiveness and possible hazard. In particular, it is not possible to make a statement about the limits for these effects.While this particular standard has been developed for equipment intended for use in lithotripsy, it has been developed such that, as long as no other specific standards are available to be used for other medical applications of therapeutic extracorporeal pressure pulse equipment, this standard may be used as a guideline.

First published as AS/NZS 4511:1999.