Standard Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges

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01-05-2013

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Committee	A 01
DocumentType	Standard
Pages	8
PublisherName	American Society for Testing and Materials
Status	NA
SupersededBy	ASTM A 709/A709M : 2015 ASTM A 709/A709M : 2013 : REV A
Supersedes	ASTM A 709/A709M : 2011

1.1This specification covers carbon and high-strength low-alloy steel structural shapes, plates, and bars and quenched and tempered alloy steel for structural plates intended for use in bridges. Seven grades are available in four yield strength levels as follows:

Grade U.S. [SI]	Yield Strength, ksi [MPa]
36 [250]	36 [250]
50 [345]	50 [345]
50S [345S]	50 [345]
50W [345W]	50 [345]
HPS 50W [HPS 345W]	50 [345]
HPS 70W [HPS 485W]	70 [485]
HPS 100W [HPS 690W]	100 [690]

1.1.1Grades 36 [250], 50 [345], 50S [345S], and 50W [345W] are also included in Specifications A36/A36M, A572/A572M, A992/A992M, and A588/A588M, respectively. When the requirements of Table 8 or Table 9 or the supplementary requirements of this specification are specified, they exceed the requirements of Specifications A36/A36M, A572/A572M, A992/A992M, and A588/A588M.

1.1.2Grades 50W [345W], HPS 50W [HPS 345W], HPS 70W [HPS 485W], and HPS 100W [HPS 690W] have enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance (see 13.1.2). Product availability is shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Tensile and Hardness Requirements^A

Note 1—Where “. . .” appears in this table, there is no requirement.

Grade	Plate Thickness, in. [mm]	Structural Shape Flange or Leg Thickness, in. [mm]	Yield Point or Yield Strength,^B ksi [MPa]	Tensile Strength, ksi [MPa]	Minimum Elongation, %				Reduc- tion of Area^C^,^D min, %
					Plates and Bars^C^,^E		Shapes^E
					8 in. or 200 mm	2 in. or 50 mm	8 in. or 200 mm	2 in. or 50 mm
36 [250]	to 4 [100], incl	to 3 in. [75 mm], incl	36 [250] min	58–80 [400–550]	20	23	20	21	...
		over 3 in. [75 mm]	36 [250] min	58 [400] min	...	..	20	19	...
50 [345]	to 4 [100], incl	all	50 [345] min	65 [450] min	18	21	18	21^F	...
50S [345S]	^G	all	50–65 [345–450]^H^I	65 [450]^H min	...	...	18	21	...
50W [345W] and HPS 50W [HPS 345W]	to 4 [100], incl	all	50 [345] min	70 [485] min	18	21	18	21^J	...
HPS 70W [HPS 485 W]	to 4 [100], incl	^G	70 [485] min^B	85–110 [585–760]	...	19^K	...	...	...
HPS 100W [HPS 690W]	to 2¹/₂[65], incl	^G	100 [690] min^B	110–130 [760–895]	...	18^K	...	...	^L
	over 2¹/₂to 4 [65 to 100], incl^M	^G	90 [620] min^B	100–130 [690–895]	...	16^K	...	...	^L

^A See specimen orientation and preparation subsection in the Tension Tests section of Specification A6/A6M.

^B Measured at 0.2 % offset or 0.5 % extension under load as described in Section 13 of Test Methods A370.

^C Elongation and reduction of area not required to be determined for floor plates.

^D For plates wider than 24 in. [600 mm], the reduction of area requirement, where applicable, is reduced by five percentage points.

^E For plates wider than 24 in. [600 mm], the elongation requirement is reduced by two percentage points. See elongation requirement adjustments in the Tension Tests section of Specification A6/A6M.

^F Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm: 19 % for shapes with flange thickness over 3 in. [75 mm].

^G Not applicable.

^H The yield to tensile ratio shall be 0.87 or less for shapes that are tested from the web location; for all other shapes, the requirement is 0.85.

^I A maximum yield strength of 70 ksi [480 MPa] is permitted for structural shapes that are required to be tested from the web location.

^J For wide flange shapes with flange thickness over 3 in. [75 mm], elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm of 18 % minimum applies.

^K If measured on the Fig. 3 (Test Methods A370) 1¹/₂-in. [40–mm] wide specimen, the elongation is determined in a 2-in. or 50-mm gage length that includes the fracture and shows the greatest elongation.

^L 40 % minimum applies if measured on the Fig 3 (Test Methods A370) 1¹/₂-in. [40-mm] wide specimen; 50 % minimum applies if measured on the Fig. 4 (Test Methods A370) ¹/₂-in. [12.5-mm] round specimen.

^M Not applicable to Fracture Critical Tension Components (see Table 9).

TABLE 2 Grade 36 [250] Chemical Requirements (Heat Analysis)

Note 1—Where “. . .” appears in this table there is no requirement. The heat analysis for manganese shall be determined and reported as described in the Heat Analysis section of Specification A6/A6M.

Product Thickness, in. (mm)	Shapes^A All	Plates^B				Bars^B
Product Thickness, in. (mm)	Shapes^A All	To ³/₄ [20], incl	Over ³/₄ to 1¹/₂[20 to 40], incl	Over 1¹/₂to 2¹/₂[40 to 65], incl	Over 2¹/₂to 4 [65 to 100], incl	To ³/₄ [20], incl	Over ³/₄to 1¹/₂[20 to 40], incl	Over 1¹/₂to 4 [100], incl

Carbon, max, %	0.26	0.25	0.25	0.26	0.27	0.26	0.27	0.28
Manganese, %	...	...	0.80–1.20	0.80–1.20	0.85–1.20	...	0.60–0.90	0.60–0.90
Phosphorus, max, %	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
Sulfur, max, %	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
Silicon, %	0.40 max	0.40 max	0.40 max	0.15–0.40	0.15–0.40	0.40 max	0.40 max	0.40 max
Copper, min, % when copper steel is specified	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20

^A Manganese content of 0.85 to 1.35 % and silicon content of 0.15 to 0.40 % is required for shapes with flange thickness over 3 in. [75 mm].

^B For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified maximum will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.35 %.

TABLE 3 Grade 50 [345] Chemical Requirements^A (Heat Analysis)

					Silicon^C		Columbium, Vanadium and Nitrogen
Maximum Diameter, Thickness, or Distance Between Parallel Faces, in. [mm]	Carbon, max, %	Manganese,^B max, %	Phosphorus, max, %	Sulfur, max, %	Plates to 1¹/₂-in. [40-mm] Thick, Shapes with flange or leg thickness to 3 in. [75 mm] inclusive, Sheet Piling, Bars, Zees, and Rolled Tees, max, %^D	Plates Over 1¹/₂-in. [40-mm] Thick and Shapes with flange thickness over 3 in. [75 mm], %
4 [100]	0.23	1.35	0.04	0.05	0.40	0.15–0.40	^E
^A Copper when specified shall have a minimum content of 0.20 % by heat analysis (0.18 % by product analysis).
^B Manganese, minimum by heat analysis of 0.80 % (0.75 % by product analysis) shall be required for all plates over ³/₈in. [10 mm] in thickness; a minimum of 0.50 % (0.45 % by product analysis) shall be required for plates ³/₈in. [10 mm] and less in thickness, and for all other products. The manganese to carbon ratio shall not be less than 2 to 1. For each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified carbon maximum, an increase of 0.06 percentage point manganese above the specified maximum is permitted, up to a maximum of 1.60 %.
^C Silicon content in excess of 0.40 % by heat analysis must be negotiated.
^D Bars over 1¹/₂in. [40 mm] in diameter, thickness, or distance between parallel faces, shall be made by a killed steel practice.
^E Alloy content shall be in accordance with Type 1, 2, 3, or 5 and the contents of the applicable elements shall be reported on the test report.

Type	Elements	Heat Analysis, %
1	Columbium^A	0.005–0.05^B
2	Vanadium	0.01–0.15
3	Columbium^A Vanadium Columbium plus vanadium	0.005–0.05^B 0.01–0.15 0.02–0.15^C
5	Titanium Nitrogen Vanadium	0.006–0.04 0.003–0.015 0.06 max

^A Columbium shall be restricted to Grade 50 [345] plate, bar, zee, and rolled tee thickness of ³/₄in. [20 mm] max, and to shapes with flange or leg thickness to 1¹/₂in. [40 mm] inclusive unless killed steel is furnished. Killed steel shall be confirmed by a statement of killed steel on the test report, or by a report of the presence of a sufficient quantity of a strong deoxidizing element, such as silicon at 0.10 % or higher, or aluminum at 0.015 % or higher.

^B Product analysis limits = 0.004 to 0.06 %.

^C Product analysis limits = 0.01 to 0.16 %.

TABLE 4 Grade 50W [345 W] Chemical Requirements (Heat Analysis)

Note 1—Types A and B are equivalent to Specification A588/A588M, Grades A and B, respectively.

Element	Composition, %^A
Element	Type A	Type B

Carbon^B	0.19 max	0.20 max
Manganese^B	0.80–1.25	0.75–1.35
Phosphorus	0.04 max	0.04 max
Sulfur	0.05 max	0.05 max
Silicon	0.30–0.65	0.15–0.50
Nickel	0.40 max	0.50 max
Chromium	0.40–0.65	0.40–0.70
Copper	0.25–0.40	0.20–0.40
Vanadium	0.02–0.10	0.01–0.10

^A Weldability data for these types have been qualified by FHWA for use in bridge construction.

^B For each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified maximum for carbon, an increase of 0.06 percentage point above the specified maximum for manganese is permitted, up to a maximum of 1.50 %.

TABLE 5 Grades HPS 50W [HPS 345W] and HPS 70W [HPS 485 W], and HPS 100W [HPS 690W] Chemical Requirements (Heat Analysis)

Note 1—Where “. . .” appears in this table, there is no requirement.

Element	Composition, %
Element	Grades HPS 50W [HPS 345W], HPS 70W [HPS 485W]	Grade HPS 100W [HPS 690W]
Carbon	0.11 max	0.08 max
Manganese
2.5 in. [65 mm] and under	1.10–1.35	0.95–1.50
Over 2.5 in. [65 mm]	1.10–1.50	0.95–1.50
Phosphorus	0.020 max	0.015 max
Sulfur^A	0.006 max	0.006 max
Silicon	0.30–0.50	0.15–0.35
Copper	0.25–0.40	0.90–1.20
Nickel	0.25–0.40	0.65–0.90
Chromium	0.45–0.70	0.40–0.65
Molybdenum	0.02–0.08	0.40–0.65
Vanadium	0.04–0.08	0.04–0.08
Columbium (Niobium)	. . .	0.01–0.03
Aluminum	0.010–0.040	0.020–0.050
Nitrogen	0.015 max	0.015 max

^A The steel shall be calcium treated for sulfide shape control.

TABLE 6 Grade 50S [345S] Chemical Requirements (Heat Analysis)

Element		Composition, %

	Carbon, max	0.23
	Manganese	0.50 to 1.60^A
	Silicon, max	0.40
	Vanadium, max	0.15^B
	Columbium, max	0.05^B
	Phosphorus, max	0.035
	Sulfur, max	0.045
	Copper, max	0.60
	Nickel, max	0.45
	Chromium, max	0.35
	Molybdenum, max	0.15

^A Provided that the ratio of manganese to sulfur is not less than 20 to 1, the minimum limit for manganese for shapes with flange or leg thickness not exceeding 1 in. [25 mm] shall be 0.30 %.

^B The sum of columbium and vanadium shall not exceed 0.15 %.

TABLE 7 Relationship Between Impact Testing Temperature Zones and Minimum Service Temperature

Zone	Minimum Service Temperature, °F [°C]

1	0	[−18]
2	below 0 to −30	[−18 to −34]
3	below −30 to −60	[−34 to −51]

1.2Grade HPS 70W [HPS 485W] or HPS 100W [HPS 690W] shall not be substituted for Grades 36 [250], 50 [345], 50S [345S], 50W [345W], or HPS 50W [HPS 345W]. Grade 50W [345W], or HPS 50W [HPS 345W] shall not be substituted for Grades 36 [250], 50 [345] or 50S [345S] without agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.

1.3When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended use or service will be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specification A6/A6M for information on weldability.

1.4For structural products to be used as tension components requiring notch toughness testing, standardized requirements are provided in this standard, and they are based upon American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) requirements for both fracture critical and non-fracture critical members.

1.5Supplementary requirements are available but shall apply only if specified in the purchase order.

1.6The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

1.7For structural products produced from coil and furnished without heat treatment or with stress relieving only, the additional requirements, including additional testing requirements and the reporting of additional test results, of Specification A6/A6M apply.

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ASTM A 709/A709M : 2013

Standard Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges

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