1.1 This document provides practical guidance on the selection and optimization of sample designs in waste management sampling activities, within the context of the requirements established by the data quality objectives or other planning process.
1.2 This document (1) provides guidance for selection of sampling designs; (2) outlines techniques to optimize candidate designs; and (3) describes the variables that need to be balanced in choosing the final optimized design.
1.3 The contents of this guide are arranged by section as follows:
| 1. | Scope | |
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| 2. | Referenced Documents | |
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| 3. | Terminology | |
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| 4. | Significance and Use | |
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| 5. | Summary of Guide | |
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| 6. | Factors Affecting Sampling Design Selection | |
| 6.1 | Sampling Design Performance Characteristics | |
| 6.2 | RegulatoryConsiderations | |
| 6.3 | Project Objectives | |
| 6.4 | Knowledge of the Site | |
| 6.5 | Physical Sample Issues | |
| 6.6 | Communication with the Laboratory | |
| 6.7 | Analytical TurnAround Time | |
| 6.8 | AnalyticalMethod Constraints | |
| 6.9 | Health and Safety | |
| 6.10 | Budget/Cost Considerations | |
| 6.11 | Representativeness | |
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| 7. | Initial DesignSelection | |
| 8. | OptimizationCriteria | |
| 9. | Optimization Process | |
| 9.2 | PracticalEvaluation of DesignAlternatives | |
| 9.3 | Statistical and Cost Evaluation | |
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| 10. | FinalSelection | |
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| Annex A1 | Types of Sampling Designs | |
| A1.1 | Commonly Used Sampling Designs | |
| A1.2 | Sampling DesignTools | |
| A1.3 | Combination Sample Designs | |
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| Appendix X1. Additional References | |
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| Appendix X2. Choosing AnalyticalMethod Based onVariance and Cost | |
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| Appendix X3. Calculating the Number of Samples:AStatistical Treatment | |
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.