ASTM D 7400 : 2014

1.1These test methods are limited to the determination of the interval velocities from arrival times and relative arrival times of compression (P) and vertically (SV) and horizontally (SH) polarized shear (S) seismic waves which are generated near surface and travel down to an array of vertically installed seismic sensors. A preferred method intended to obtain data for use on critical projects where the highest quality data is required is included. Also included is an optional method intended for use on projects which do not require measurements of a high degree of precision.

1.2Various applications of the data will be addressed and acceptable procedures and equipment, such as seismic sources, receivers, and recording systems will be discussed. Other items addressed include source-to-receiver spacing, drilling, casing, grouting, a procedure for borehole installation, and conducting actual borehole and seismic cone tests. Data reduction and interpretation is limited to the identification of various seismic wave types, apparent velocity relation to true velocity, example computations, use of Snell's law of refraction, and assumptions.

1.3There are several acceptable devices that can be used to generate a high-quality P or SV source wave or both and SH source waves. Several types of commercially available receivers and recording systems can also be used to conduct an acceptable downhole survey. Special consideration should be given to the types of receivers used and their configuration. Heavily-damped sensors should not be used so that spectral smearing, phase shifting, and latency response between sensors is avoided. These test methods primarily concern the actual test procedure, data interpretation, and specifications for equipment which will yield uniform test results.

1.4All recorded and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.

1.5This standard is written using SI units. Inch-pound units are provided for convenience. The values stated in inch pound units may not be exact equivalents; therefore, they shall be used independently of the SI system. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.

1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.