ASTM E 1194 : 2025

1.1This test method describes procedures for measuring the vapor pressure of pure liquid or solid compounds. No single technique is able to measure vapor pressures from 1 × 10⁻¹¹ to 100 kPa (approximately 10⁻¹⁰ to 760 torr). The subject of this standard is gas saturation which is capable of measuring vapor pressures from 1 × 10^–11 to 1 kPa (approximately 10^–10 to 10 torr). Other methods, such as isoteniscope and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are suitable for measuring vapor pressures above 0.1 kPa An isoteniscope (standard) procedure for measuring vapor pressures of liquids from 1 × 10⁻¹ to 100 kPa (approximately 1 to 760 torr) is available in Test Method D2879. A DSC (standard) procedure for measuring vapor pressures from 2 × 10⁻¹ to 100 kPa (approximately 1 to 760 torr) is available in Test Method E1782. A gas-saturation procedure for measuring vapor pressures from 1 × 10⁻¹¹ to 1 kPa (approximately 10⁻¹⁰ to 10 torr) is presented in this test method. All procedures are subjects of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Test Guidelines.

1.2The gas saturation method is very useful for providing vapor pressure data at normal environmental temperatures (–40 °C to +60 °C). At least three temperature values should be studied to allow definition of a vapor pressure-temperature correlation. Values determined should be based on temperature selections such that a measurement is made at 25°C (as recommended by IUPAC) (1),2 a value can be interpolated for 25 °C, or a value can be reliably extrapolated for 25 °C. Extrapolation to 25 °C should be avoided if the temperature range tested includes a value at which a phase change occurs. Extrapolation to 25 °C over a range larger than 10 °C should also be avoided. If possible, the temperatures investigated should be above and below 25 °C to avoid extrapolation altogether. The gas saturation method was selected because of its extended range, simplicity, and general applicability (2). Examples of results produced by the gas-saturation procedure during an interlaboratory evaluation are given in Table 1. These data have been taken from Reference (3).

1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.4This standard is arranged as follows:

1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.6This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.