ASTM E 2455 : 2022
Current
The latest, up-to-date edition.
Standard Guide for Conducting Laboratory Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Mussels
Hardcopy , PDF
English
13-06-2022
Important note : Users cannot be edited or removed once added to your Multi user PDF.| Committee |
E 50
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| DocumentType |
Guide
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| Pages |
45
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| PublisherName |
American Society for Testing and Materials
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| Status |
Current
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| Supersedes |
1.1This standard guide describes methods for conducting laboratory toxicity tests with early life stages of freshwater mussels including glochidia and juvenile mussels in water-only and effluent exposures (Annex A1). Future revisions to this standard may describe methods for conducting toxicity tests with endpoints of reproduction, behaviors, and biomarkers.
1.2Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are one of the most imperiled groups of animals in the world, and environmental contamination has been linked as a contributing factor to the decline of mussel populations (Lydeard et al. 2004 (1); Strayer et al. 2004 (2); Haag 2012 (3); Lopes-Lima et al. 2017 (4)).2 Three critical life stages (glochidia, juvenile mussels, and adults) have been used in toxicity assessments and the toxicity studies are separated according to the medium of exposure (water, sediment, and host fish (Ingersoll et al. 2007 (5)). Recent studies on early life stages of mussels have demonstrated that the mussels are among the most sensitive freshwater species to a variety of contaminants, including ammonia, some metals (for example, aluminum, copper, nickel, and zinc), and major ions (for example, chloride, nitrate, potassium, and sulfate) (Bringolf et al. 2007 (6); Newton et al. 2007 (7); Wang et al. 2007ab, 2010, 2011ab, 2016, 2017ab, 2018abc, 2020ab (8-20); Cope et al. 2008 (21); Gillis et al. 2008, 2010, 2011, 2021 (22-25); Miao et al. 2010 (26); Salerno et al. 2020 (27)). These studies indicate that environmental guideline values for individual chemicals established for the protection of aquatic organisms may not be adequately protective of sensitive stages of freshwater mussels. For example, when freshwater mussel toxicity data were included in an update to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) ambient water quality criteria (WQC) for ammonia, the acute criterion decreased by about a 1.4 fold and the chronic criterion decreased by 2.4 fold (USEPA 2013) (28).
1.3Summary of Life History of Freshwater Mussels:
1.3.1Freshwater mussels are bivalve mollusks belonging to the taxonomic Order Unionida (section 10.1). Like most bivalves, mussels are totally aquatic, relatively sedentary, filter-feeding animals, and spend most of their lives partially or completely burrowed in the substrate of streams, rivers, or lakes. Freshwater mussels have an unusual and complex life cycle that includes a larval stage, the glochidium, that is briefly parasitic on fish (Fig. 1).
1.6The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
1.8This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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| ASTM E 729 : 1996 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians |
| ASTM E 1023 : 1984 : R2014 | Standard Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses |
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| ASTM E 1733 : 2022 | Standard Guide for Use of Lighting in Laboratory Testing |
| ASTM E 1391 : 2003 : R2023 | Standard Guide for Collection, Storage, Characterization, and Manipulation of Sediments for Toxicological Testing and for Selection of Samplers Used to Collect Benthic Invertebrates |
| ASTM D 1129 : 2013 : R2020 : EDT 1 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
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| ASTM E 1367 : 2003 : R2023 | Standard Test Method for Measuring the Toxicity of Sediment-Associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates |
| ASTM E 691 : 2022 | Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method |
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| ASTM E 691 : 2021 | Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method |
| ASTM E 943 : 2008 : R2014 | Standard Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Environmental Fate (Withdrawn 2023) |
| ASTM E 729 : 2023 | Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Test Materials with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians |
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