ASTM F 2942 : 2025

1.1This guide includes four separate cyclic deformation durability guides related to vascular stents and vascular stent-grafts: bending, axial, torsional, and compression.

1.2This guide does not address whether a specific mode of durability testing is relevant for a particular vascular stent and vascular stent-graft design.

1.3This guide does not address multi-mode testing. Nevertheless, the information included herein could be applicable to developing this type of test.

1.4This guide applies to vascular stents and vascular stent-grafts, including balloon-expandable and self-expanding stents fabricated from metals and metal alloys commonly used to treat aneurysmal disease, peripheral vessel trauma, or to provide vascular access. These are referred to as the ‘implant’ throughout the subsequent text. The information provided herein does not address all issues related to testing of these devices.

1.5This guide does not apply to structural heart implants including but not limited to: aortic valve replacement, mitral and tricuspid valve replacement and repair devices, annuloplasty rings, intra-atrial shunts, pacemaker leads, LVADs, etc.

1.6This guide does not specifically address any attributes unique to coated implants (i.e., implants with a surface layer of an additional material(s)), monolithically polymeric implants, or absorbable implants, although the application of this standard to such products is not precluded.

1.7This guide is applicable to testing of stents and stent-grafts (or a representative portion of a stent). While the scope of this document does not explicitly cover coupon or surrogate samples, the information in this guide can provide useful information for them.

1.8This guide applies to in vitro testing of implant durability from non-radial motions. Such motions may arise from musculoskeletal activities, including walking, stair climbing, leg crossing, kneeling, breathing, valsalva, and cardiac motion, as well as extrinsic forces on the body such as lifting of patients between beds.

1.9This guide does not provide the in vivo physiologic deformation conditions for testing. It is incumbent upon the user of the standard to develop and justify these boundary conditions (e.g., by literature review, in vivo studies, cadaver studies, or modeling of implant in vivo interaction) in these durability bench tests. Additional conditions that may be considered include vessel calcification, vessel taper, eccentric lesions, loading excursions (e.g., exercise), and vessel remodeling.

1.10This guide does not result in quantitative estimates of implant durability, but rather provides qualitative results (i.e., pass or fail).

1.11This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.12This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.