AWS C7.1 : 1999

Personnel
Foreword
List of Tables
List of Figures
1 Scope
2 Standards and specifications for Electron Beam Welding
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Standards and specifications
3 Glossary
4 Safety Considerations
    4.1 Scope
    4.2 Potential Hazards
    4.3 References
5 Process Fundamentals
    5.1 Description of Process
    5.2 Advantages and Limitations
    5.3 References
6 Description of Equipment
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Modes of Electron Beam Welding
    6.3 High- and Low-Voltage EBW Equipment
    6.4 Components of the EBW System
    6.5 Electron Beam Welding Equipment Specification
7 Metallurgical Considerations
    7.1 Introduction
    7.2 Heat-Affected Zone
    7.3 Weld Metal Zone
    7.4 Metallurgical Considerations for Electron Beam
          Welding Various Metals and Alloys
    7.5 Metallurgical Considerations for Welding Dissimilar
          Metals
    7.6 References
8 General Process Considerations
    8.1 Overview
    8.2 Designing for Electron Beam Welding
    8.3 Joint Cleaning
    8.4 Welding Thin Metals
    8.5 Welding Thick Metals
    8.6 Welding Dissimilar Thicknesses
    8.7 Fixturing
    8.8 Controlling Parameters
    8.9 Record Keeping for EBW
    8.10 References
9 Inspection and Testing of Welds
    9.1 Introduction
    9.2 Weld Characteristics
    9.3 Inspection Processes
    9.4 Special Inspection Techniques
    9.5 Acceptability Limits
    9.6 Inspection Plans
10 Equipment Maintenance Program
    10.1 Preventive Maintenance Performed Daily
    10.2 Preventive Maintenance Performed Weekly
    10.3 Preventive Maintenance Performed Monthly
    10.4 Preventive Maintenance Performed Quarterly
    10.5 Preventive Maintenance Performed Semiannually
11 Training and Qualification of Operators
    11.1 Electron Beam Welding Equipment Operation
    11.2 Welding Operator Training Program
12 Weld Procedure Development for Electron Beam Welding
    12.1 Introduction
    12.2 Choosing Parameters
    12.3 Electron Beam Parameter Considerations
    12.4 Testing of Parameters
    12.5 Weld Schedule Verification
13 Practical Examples
Annex A - Cross-Reference Chart for Various Pressure Units
Annex B - Format for the Specification of Electron Beam
          Welding Equipment
Annex C - Guidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquires for
          AWS Technical Committees
TABLE
1 Radiation Exposure Standards
2 Preweld Cleaning Materials
FIGURES
1 Cross-Reference Chart for Electron Beam Welding
    Specifications
2 Sample Form for Radiation Survey
3 Simplified Representation of an Electron Beam Gun Column
4 Electron Beam Modes of Operation
5 Mobile Gun Configuration
6 Weld Penetration vs. Vacuum Level Chart
7 Comparison of Electron Beam and Gas Tungsten Arc Weld
    Profiles
8 Cross Section of TZM Welded with Electron Beam Process
    Showing Grain Growth in Weld Metal Zone and Epitaxial
    Solidification from Base Metal
9 Cross Section of Stainless Steel Showing the Solutioning
    of Carbides in the Fusion Zone
10 Microstructural Map of Solidification Rate and Composition
11 Various Butt Joint Configuration Used in Electron Beam
    Welding
12 T-Joint Configurations
13 Various Corner Joint Configurations
14 Various Lap Joint Configurations
15 Various Edge Joint Configurations
16 Circular Joints
17 Thin-Section Weld Joints
18 Large Chamber Electron Beam Welding Machine
19 Mismatch and Runout Problems
20 Effects of Surface Tension
21 Electron Beam Welding Record
22 Power Curves for Electron Beam Welding of Aluminum Alloys
23 Power Curves for Electron Beam Welding of Copper Alloys
24 Power Curves for Electron Beam Welding of Molybdenum Alloys
25 Power Curves for Electron Beam Welding of Niobium Alloys
26 Power Curves for Electron Beam Welding of Stainless Steel
    Alloys
27 Power Curves for Electron Beam Welding of Steel Alloys
28 Power Curves for Electron Beam Welding of Tantalum Alloys
29 Power Curves for Electron Beam Welding of Titanium Alloys
30 Power Curves for Electron Beam Welding of Tungsten Alloys
31 Power Curves for Electron Beam Welding of Zirconium Alloys
32 Power Curves for Electron Beam Welding of Zircaloy Alloys

Defines electron beam welding procedures and equipment for a wide range of metals and thicknesses. Also included are the safety considerations, definitions and appropriate terms which are given in detail, as well as the processes for EB heat treating, curing and cutting.