AWS D10.11 : 1987(R1992)

Personnel
Foreword
Introduction
1 Cleanliness
2 Preparations for purging
2.1 Purging gases
2.2 Purge gas containment
3 Purging prior to welding
4 Purging during welding
5 Tack welding
6 Welding using GTAW without consumable inserts
6.1 Joint design
6.2 Root opening - open root grooves
6.3 Purge containment
6.4 Tungsten electrode type and configuration
6.5 Arc initiation
6.6 Welding technique - open root groove
6.7 Welding technique - groove with zero root opening
6.8 Welding pipe in the horizontal fixed (5G) position
6.9 Stop and start areas
7 Welding using GTAW with consumable inserts
7.1 Welding techniques for consumable inserts
7.2 Pipe axis horizontal
8 Welding with SMAW and GMAW
8.1 Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)
8.2 Gas metal arc welding (GMAW)
9 Intermediate weld layers
10 Welding of aluminum alloys
11 Welding equipment
11.1 GTAW torches
11.2 Gas nozzles
11.3 Gas lenses
11.4 Power supplies
11.5 Machine and automatic welding equipment
12 Safety and health
12.1 Fumes and gases
12.2 Radiation
12.3 Electric shock
12.4 Fire prevention
12.5 Explosion
12.6 Burns
12.7 Further information
Appendices
A Safety and health
B Document list
Figures
1 Purging fixtures
2 Preweld purge evacuation of air
3 Typical open root joint design
4 Open root welding angular relations - pipe, torch,
      and filler metal
5 Groove design and tolerances for use with
      consumable inserts
6 Assembly tolerances for welding pipe - using five
      (5) classes of consumable inserts
7 Steps for root pass welding with class 1, 2, 3,
      and 5 consumable inserts
8 Steps for root pass welding with class 4
      consumable inserts
9 Eccentric positioning of class 3 and 5 consumable
      inserts in 5G position to prevent sag
10 Joint design for aluminium pipe

Details the above where the pipe system designer has determined that the use of backing rings is unacceptable and that complete joint penetration and a continuous root surface is needed.