AWS D10.12 : 1989

Personnel
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Welding processes
2.1 Pipe steels
2.2 Cleanliness
2.3 Preheating
2.4 Joint preparation
2.5 Alignment and tack welding
2.6 Welding position
2.7 Weld appearance
2.8 Small diameter piping
2.9 Welding fittings
3 Shielded metal arc welding using E6010 electrodes
     and the vertical-down method
3.1 Setting the current
3.2 Tack welding
3.3 Root bead (first pass)
3.4 Handling the electrode
3.5 Cleaning between passes
3.6 Second pass (hot pass)
3.7 Fill, stripper, and cap passes
4 Shielded metal arc welding using E6010 or E6011
     electrodes and the vertical-up method
4.1 Joint preparation
4.2 Setting the current
4.3 Root bead
4.4 Fill and cap passes
4.5 Cleaning between passes
5 Shielded metal arc welding using E7108 low hydrogen
     electrodes
5.1 Low hydrogen limitations on pipe
5.2 Striking the arc
5.3 Welding technique
5.4 Slag removal
6 Oxyacetlyene welding of pipe 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) or
     less in thickness
6.1 Welding techniques
6.2 Appearance of finished weld
7 Gas tungsten arc welding of pipe
7.1 Application
7.2 Purging
7.3 Electrode shape
7.4 Welding technique
7.5 Joint preparation
7.6 Appearance of finished welds
8 Gas metal arc welding of steel pipe
8.1 Initiating the arc
8.2 Travel speed
8.3 Gas shielding
8.4 Cleaning
9 Safety and health
9.1 Fumes and gases
9.2 Radiation
9.3 Electric shock
9.4 Fire prevention
9.5 Explosion
9.6 Burns
9.7 Further information
Appendices
A Required weld metal per joint - carbon steel pipe
B Nick break test
C Document list
D Safety and health
Tables
1 Procedures for circumferential butt joints welded
     with SMAW process, using E6010 electrodes with
     electrode pressure for root bead
1A (Metric conversion of table 1)
2 Procedures for circumferential butt joints welded
     with SMAW process, using E6010 electrodes
2A (Metric conversion of table 2)
3 Procedures for circumferential butt joints welded
     with SMAW process, using E6010 electrodes and
     E7018 electrodes
3A (Metric conversion of table 3)
4 Procedures for butt joints welded with OAW process
4A (Metric conversion of table 4)
5 Procedures for circumferential butt joints welded
     with GTAW process
5A (Metric conversion of table 5)
6 Procedures for circumferential butt joints welded
     with GTAW process
6A (Metric conversion of table 6)
A1 Filler metal required for NPS 1-1/2 pipe [OD =
     1,900 in. (48 mm)]
A2 Filler metal required for NPS 2 pipe [OD = 2.375
     in. (60 mm)]
A3 Filler metal required for NPS 2-1/2 pipe [OD =
     2.875 in. (73 mm)]
A4 Filler metal required for NPS 3 pipe [OD = 3.500
     in. (89 mm)]
A5 Filler metal required for NPS 3-1/2 pipe [OD =
     4.0 in. (102 mm)]
A6 Filler metal required for NPS 4 pipe [OD = 4.5 in.
     (114 mm)]
A7 Filler metal required for NPS 5 pipe [OD = 5.5625
     in. (141 mm)]
A8 Filler metal required for NPS 6 pipe [OD = 6.625
     in. (168 mm)]
A9 Filler metal required for NPS 8 pipe [OD = 8.625
     in. (219 mm)]
Figures
1 Terminology for butt joint
2 External pipe clamps
3 Welding position - pipe welds
4 Socket joint
5 Typical welding fittings and flanges
6 Picture of large hole at end of tack weld
7 Keyhole size relationship to weld quality
8 Typical pass sequence and terminology for vertical-
     down welding
9 Effect of electrode work angle on bead shape
10 Effect of electrode travel angle on joint
     penetration
11 Grinding to improve root bead contour
12 Electrode movement for vertical-up root bead
13 Electrode movement for vertical-up fill passes
14 Typical side-to-side weave used for vertical-up
     last pass (cap pass)
15 One-pass forehand oxyacetylene welding
16 One-pass backhand oxyacetylene welding
17 Position of gas nozzle, contact tip and pipe
A1 Typical joint
B1 Nick break test specimen
B2 Coupons for nick break test of branch joint
     connections
B3 Pipe sleeve test coupons
B4 Fillet welded plate joints
B5 Nick break testing fixture made out of 6 in. pipe
B6 Nick break testing using vise
B7 Testing of fillet welded coupons
B8 Illustration of crack and slag
B9 Illustration of porosity
B10 Illustration of incomplete fusion
B11 Illustration of incomplete penetration
B12 Illustration of crack weld

Covers such systems as low pressure heating, refrigeration, air conditioning and water supply, as well as some gas and chemical systems. It includes detailed welding process techniques that may be useful for teaching welders including SMAW, GMAW, OAW and GTAW.