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BS 4485-4:1975

Superseded

Superseded

A superseded Standard is one, which is fully replaced by another Standard, which is a new edition of the same Standard.

View Superseded by

Water cooling towers Structural design of cooling towers

Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Superseded date

15-08-1996

Superseded by

BS 4485-4:1996

Language(s)

English

Published date

30-09-1975

€271.12
Excluding VAT

Co-operating organizations
Foreword
Specification
1 Scope
2 Definitions
3 Loadings (hyperbolic cooling towers)
3.1 Primary loadings
3.2 Superimposed loadings
3.3 Constructional loadings
4 Loadings (mechanical draught cooling towers)
4.1 Primary loadings
4.2 Superimposed loadings
4.3 Constructional loadings
5 Design considerations (hyperbolic cooling towers)
5.1 Size, shape, siting and spacing
5.2 Basis of design
5.3 Design of sheel support columns
5.4 Effect of temperature and moisture variations
5.5 Buckling of shells
5.6 Openings in shells
5.7 Vibration characteristics of shells
5.8 Cover to shell reinforcement
5.9 Minimum shell reinforcement
6 Hyperbolic shell geometry
6.1 General
6.2 Setting out
6.3 Tolerances
6.4 Checking of shell
6.5 Adjustment to shell
6.6 Acceptance of deviations from the design shell
      geometry
7 Design considerations (mechanical draught cooling
      towers)
7.1 Size, shape, siting and spacing
7.2 Basis of design
7.3 Effect of temperature and moisture variations
8 Materials (hyperbolic and mechanical draught
      cooling towers)
8.1 Concrete
8.2 Steel
8.3 Prestressing
8.4 Precast concrete components
8.5 Lightning protection
8.6 Structural timber
8.7 Asbestos-cement materials
8.8 Plastics materials
8.9 General hardware in cooling towers
8.10 Protective coatings and paints
8.11 Adhesives
9 Pack support structures
9.1 Function
9.2 Types
9.3 Materials
9.4 Structural considerations
9.5 Loadings
9.6 Design
9.7 Construction
10 Packings, water distribution system and
      eliminators
10.1 Packings
10.2 Water distribution pipework
10.3 Eliminators
11 Water retaining structures
11.1 Design of prestressed and reinforced concrete
      structures
11.2 Loading (construction)
11.3 Pressure loadings
11.4 Construction
11.5 Penstocks
11.6 Damboards
11.7 Screens
11.8 Isolating valves
11.9 Testing
12 Foundations
12.1 Foundations for shell
12.2 Foundations for cold water basin and pack support
      structure
13 Inspection maintenance
Appendices
A Testing of reinforced concrete and prestressed
      concrete culverts designed to CP 2007
B Requirements for stress graded timber triangular
      section laths
C Design calculations relating to vibration
      characteristics of cooling tower shells (see 5.7)
D Bibliography for linear thin shell theories and
      numerical analysis
Tables
1 Force coefficients (fan casing wind loading)
2 Permissible knot size for a 38 mm x 38 mm lath
Figures
1 Pressure coefficient distribution for
      determination of wind loading
2 Natural draught (mixed or counterflow) cooling
      tower
3 Arrangement of reinforcement trimming for holes in
      shells
4 Typical arrangement of tower shell, columns, cold
      water basin wall and piles
5 Splay knot
6 Arris knot
7 Face knot

Applicable to the design and construction on site of natural draught hyperbolic concrete shell and mechanical draught concrete and timber structure towers.

Committee
B/525
DevelopmentNote
BS DRAFT 92/17117 DC REFERS TO A NEW REVISION
DocumentType
Standard
Pages
34
PublisherName
British Standards Institution
Status
Superseded
SupersededBy

BS 5268-5:1977 Code of practice for the structural use of timber Preservative treatments for constructional timber
BS 6651:1990 Code of practice for protection of structures against lightning
BS 6651:1992 Code of practice for protection of structures against lightning
BS 4485-3:1988 Water cooling towers Code of practice for thermal and functional design
BS 4485-2:1988 Water cooling towers Methods for performance testing
BS 1282:1975 Guide to the choice, use and application of wood preservatives
BS 6651:1985 Code of practice for protection of structures against lightning
BS 5589:1978 Code of practice for preservation of timber

BS CP110-1(1972) : LATEST CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE STRUCTURAL USE OF CONCRETE
BS 4485-1:1969 Water cooling towers Glossary of terms
BS 690-2:1981 Asbestos-cement slates and sheets Specification for asbestos-cement and cellulose-asbestos-cement flat sheets
BS CP3:CH5-2(1972) : AMD 7908 CODE OF BASIC DATA FOR THE DESIGN OF BUILDINGS - LOADING - WIND LOADS
BS CP143-6(1962) : LATEST CODE OF PRACTICE FOR SHEET ROOF AND WALL COVERINGS - CORRUGATED ASBESTOS CEMENT
BS CP112.100(1952) : LATEST PRESERVATIVE TREATMENTS FOR TIMBER USED IN BUILDINGS

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