• BS 5493:1977

    Current The latest, up-to-date edition.

    Code of practice for protective coating of iron and steel structures against corrosion

    Available format(s):  Hardcopy, PDF

    Language(s):  English

    Published date:  31-10-1977

    Publisher:  British Standards Institution

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    Table of Contents - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Foreword
    Code drafting committee
    Section one. General
    1. Scope
    2. References
    3. Use of the code
    3.1 General
    3.2 Use by the experienced specifier
    3.3 Use by the non-technical specifier
    3.4 Specification requirements
    Section two. Factors influencing the choice of
    protective systems
    4. General
    4.1 Recognition of the problems
    4.2 Questions related to design, use and site
          requirements
    4.3 Questions relating to coating system
    5. Environment
    5.1 Classification of types
    5.2 Identification of relevant types
    6. Life required of coating
    6.1 Definition
    6.2 Categories
    6.3 Assessment of life requirement
    7. Design of the structure
    8. Fabrication
    8.1 General
    8.2 Faying surfaces of friction-grip joints
    8.3 Fasteners
    8.4 Procedure for welds
    9. Facilities for application of coatings
    10. Classification and characteristics of protective
        coatings
    10.1 Classification
    10.2 Characteristic advantages of metal and paint
          coatings
    10.3 Other coatings
    10.4 Application facilities
    10.5 Effects of delays during application
    10.6 Costs
    11. Characteristics of metallic coatings
    11.1 Zinc coatings (othern than zinc-rich paints)
    11.2 Sprayed-metal coatings
    11.3 Metal-plus-paint systems
    12. Characteristics of paint systems (including metallic
        zinc-rich paints)
    12.1 General
    12.2 Zinc-rich paints
    12.3 Drying-oil-type paints
    12.4 One-pack chemical-resistant paints
    12.5 Two-pack chemical-resistant paints
    12.6 Bituminous coatings
    13. Characteristics of some other protective systems
    13.1 Powder coatings
    13.2 Grease paints
    13.3 Wrapping tapes and sleeves
    13.4 Protection of steel by cement and allied products
    13.5 Cathodic protection
    14. Surface preparation
    14.1 General
    14.2 Degreasing
    14.3 Removal of scale and rust
    14.4 Attention to detail
    Section three. Specifications and technical requirements
    15. Introduction
    15.1 The scope of this section
    15.2 The need for specifications
    15.3 The prime function of a Specification
    15.4 Responsibilities in preparing a Specification
    15.5 The communicative value of a Specification
    15.6 Schedules
    15.7 Details
    15.8 Definition and allocation of responsibilities
    16. Surface preparation
    16.1 Degreasing
    16.2 Removal of rust and scale
    17. Coating system
    18. Stripe coats
    19. Control of thickness of paint coating
    20. Control of thickness of metal coating
    20.1 Galvanizing
    20.2 Sprayed metal
    21. Materials
    21.1 Availability
    21.2 Control of materials
    21.3 Preparation for use
    22. Application of protective coatings
    22.1 General
    22.2 Painting
    22.3 Galvanizing and metal-spraying
    22.4 Wrapping
    22.5 Mastics and sealants
    23. Working conditions
    23.1 General
    23.2 Temperature
    23.3 Humidity
    23.4 External conditions
    23.5 Contamination of prepared surfaces and wet film
    23.6 Shop conditions
    23.7 Lighting
    23.8 Hot conditions
    23.9 Health and safety
    24. Handling, transport, storage and erection
    24.1 Selection of coating systems
    24.2 Methods of preventing damage
    24.3 Storage of coated steelwork
    24.4 Responsibilities for preventing damage
    25. Treatments for connections and other special areas
    25.1 General requirements
    25.2 Bolts
    25.3 Surfaces of connections joined by bolts
    25.4 Welded work
    25.5 Clearance for coatings
    26. Manhole and joint cover plates, pipe couplings and
        other small items
    27. Machined and bearing surfaces
    28. Steel in contact with other materials
    28.1 Coating system
    28.2 Steel embedded in concrete
    28.3 Steel in contact with timber
    28.4 Steel in contact with other metals
    28.5 Steel in contact with or near rain-washed concrete
    28.6 Steel near to surfaces subject to treatment with
          road (de-icing) salts
    29. Surfaces inaccessible on completion
    30. Ancillary equipment
    31. Use of desiccants
    32. Remedial work
    32.1 General
    32.2 Defects resulting from unsatisfactory application
    32.3 Defects resulting from inferior preparation,
          materials or workmanship
    32.4 Early degradation of coatings
    32.5 Other remedial measures
    33. Specifications for maintenance coatings
    33.1 Factors for consideration
    33.2 Compatibility of maintenance with original system
    33.3 Location of different treatments
    33.4 Coating schedule
    34. Final check
    Section four. Inspection
    35. Introduction
    36. Duties of the Inspector
    37. Levels of inspection
    38. Inspection schedule
    39. Inspection record and reports
    40. Inspection organization
    41. Measurement of film thickness
    41.1 Methods available
    41.2 Procedure
    41.3 Calculations
    42. Sampling of materials
    43. Inspection guide
    Section five. Maintenance
    44. The need for maintenance
    45. Basic considerations of maintenance procedure
    46. Factors affecting decisions on maintenance
    46.1 Condition of coatings
    46.2 Variability of deterioration according to location
    46.3 Factors affecting deterioration
    46.4 Type and use of structure
    47. Factors affecting choice of procedure
    47.1 Environment
    47.2 Constraints on site
    48. Organization
    48.1 Labour
    48.2 Inspection
    48.3 Conduct of work on site
    49. Choice of maintenance method
    50. Choice of procedures
    51. Surface preparation
    51.1 General
    51.2 Factors appropriate to use of different methods
          on site
    52. Application
    53. Standards of preparation
    54. Standards of application
    54.1 General
    54.2 Brushing
    54.3 Roller-coating
    54.4 Spray application
    55. Recommendations for coatings
    55.1 General
    55.2 Previously painted steelwork
    55.3 Previously metal-coated steelwork with or without
          additional coating
    Section six. Safety and health
    56. Legislation
    57. Operational hazards
    58. General hygiene
    Numerous appendices
    Numerous tables
    Numerous figures
    Index

    Abstract - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Guidance on how to specify a chosen protective system, how to ensure its correct application and how to maintain it. Does not include specific recommendations for ships, vehicles, offshore platforms, specialized chemical equipment, cladding materials, plastics coatings, cement-mortar linings or weathering steels.

    Scope - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    This code classifies recommended methods of protection against corrosion of iron and steel structures exposed to environments commonly encountered. It describes the various methods in detail and gives guidance on how to specify a chosen protective system, how to ensure its correct application, and how it should be maintained.

    The code does not include specific recommendations for ships, vehicles, offshore platforms, specialized chemical equipment, or cladding materials; nor does it include detailed recommendations for plastics coatings or cement-mortar linings.

    For steel of 5mm thickness or less the recommendations of DD 24 may be preferred.

    For some situations, weathering steel may be an alternative to ordinary structural steel with applied coatings. No detailed recommendations on the use of weathering steels are given in this code and when their use is contemplated, advice should be sought from the steel industry.

    General Product Information - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    Committee STI/21
    Development Note Supersedes 75/12246 DC (11/2003) Inactive for the new design. (10/2007) Reviewed and confirmed by BSI, February 2015. (01/2015)
    Document Type Standard
    Publisher British Standards Institution
    Status Current
    Superseded By
    Supersedes

    Standards Referenced By This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    BS 8216:1991 Code of practice for use of sprayed lightweight mineral coatings used for thermal insulation and sound absorption in buildings
    BS 873-7:1984 Road traffic signs and internally illuminated bollards Specification for posts and fittings
    BS ISO 15686-1:2011 Buildings and constructed assets. Service life planning General principles and framework
    BS 5395-3:1985 Stairs, ladders and walkways Code of practice for the design of industrial type stairs, permanent ladders and walkways
    BS 6779-3:1994 Highway parapets for bridges and other structures Specification for vehicle containment parapets of combined metal and concrete construction
    BS 8210:1986 Guide to building maintenance management
    BS 5950-9:1994 STRUCTURAL USE OF STEELWORK IN BUILDING - PART 9: CODE OF PRACTICE FOR STRESSED SKIN DESIGN
    14/30268442 DC : 0 BS 5930 - CODE OF PRACTICE FOR GROUND INVESTIGATIONS
    BS 5395-1:1977 Stairs, ladders and walkways Code of practice for the design of straight stairs
    BS 7195(1989) : 1989 GUIDE FOR PREVENTION OF CORROSION OF METALS CAUSED BY VAPOURS FROM ORGANIC MATERIALS
    BS 5385-4:2009 Wall and floor tiling Design and installation of ceramic and mosaic tiling in special conditions. Code of practice
    BS 5385-4:1992 Wall and floor tiling Code of practice for tiling and mosaics in specific conditions
    BS 6150:1991 Code of practice for painting of buildings
    BS 5930:2015+A1:2020 Code of practice for ground investigations
    BS 8558:2015 Guide to the design, installation, testing and maintenance of services supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their curtilages. Complementary guidance to BS EN 806
    BS 5930(1999) : 1999 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR SITE INVESTIGATIONS
    BS 5385-4:2015 Wall and floor tiling Design and installation of ceramic and mosaic tiling in specific conditions. Code of practice
    BS 1722-12:1999 Fences Specification for steel palisade fences
    BS 4211:1994 Specification for ladders for permanent access to chimneys, other high structures, silos and bins
    BS 1722-8:1997 Fences Specification for mild steel (low carbon steel) continuous bar fences and hurdles
    BS 8202-1:1995 Coatings for fire protection of building elements Code of practice for the selection and installation of sprayed mineral coatings
    BS 8000-12:1989 Workmanship on building sites Code of practice for decorative wallcoverings and painting
    BS 6374-4:1984 Lining of equipment with polymeric materials for the process industries Specification for lining with cold curing thermosetting resins
    BS 1722-13:1978 Fences Chain link fences for tennis court surrounds
    02/107760 DC : DRAFT DEC 2002 BS 4211 - SPECIFICATION FOR PERMANENTLY FIXED LADDERS
    BS 4479-1:1990 Design of articles that are to be coated General recommendations
    BS 6751:1986 Guide for protection of machine tools intended for use in extreme environmental conditions
    BS 7361-1:1991 Cathodic protection Code of practice for land and marine applications
    BS 4479-7:1990 Design of articles that are to be coated Recommendations for thermally sprayed coatings
    BS 6579-3:1988 Safety fences and barriers for highways Specification for components for tensioned rectangular hollow section beam (100 mm x 100 mm) safety fence
    AWS C2.23M/C2.23 : 2003 SPECIFICATION FOR THE APPLICATION OF THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS (METALLIZING) OF ALUMINUM, ZINC, AND THEIR ALLOYS AND COMPOSITES FOR THE CORROSION PROTECTION OF STEEL
    NACE 12/AWS C2.23M/SSPC CS- 23 : 2016 SPECIFICATION FOR THE APPLICATION OF THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS (METALLIZING) OF ALUMINUM, ZINC, AND THEIR ALLOYS AND COMPOSITES FOR THE CORROSION PROTECTION OF STEEL
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    BS 6651:1999 Code of practice for protection of structures against lightning
    BS 5628-3:2001 Code of practice for use of masonry Materials and components, design and workmanship
    BS 5306-2:1990 Fire extinguishing installations and equipment on premises Specification for sprinkler systems
    BS 6949:1991 Specification for bitumen-based coatings for cold application excluding use in contact with potable water
    BS 873-2:1984 Road traffic signs and internally illuminated bollards Specification for miscellaneous signs
    BS 5950-5:1998 STRUCTURAL USE OF STEELWORK IN BUILDING - PART 5: CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN OF COLD FORMED THIN GAUGE SECTIONS
    BS 4485-3:1988 Water cooling towers Code of practice for thermal and functional design
    BS 6180:1999 Barriers in and about buildings. Code of practice
    BS 6579-1:1988 Safety fences and barriers for highways Specification for components for tensioned corrugated beam safety fence on Z posts
    BS 4975:1990 Specification for prestressed concrete pressure vessels for nuclear engineering
    BS 5950-2:1992 Structural use of steelwork in building Specification for materials, fabrication and erection: hot-rolled sections
    BS 4076:1989 Specification for steel chimneys
    BS 6180:2011 Barriers in and about buildings. Code of practice
    BS 5908:1990 Code of practice for fire precautions in the chemical and allied industries
    BS 4508-1:1986 Thermally insulated underground pipelines Specification for steel cased systems with air gap
    BS 4092-1:1996 Specification for domestic front entrance gates Specification for metal gates
    BS 2594:1975 Specification for carbon steel welded horizontal cylindrical storage tanks
    BS 3416:1991 Specification for bitumen-based coatings for cold application, suitable for use in contact with potable water
    BS 6700:1997 Specification for design, installation, testing and maintenance of services supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their curtilages
    BS 4008:1991 Specification for cattle grids
    BS 6779-1:1998 Highway parapets for bridges and other structures Specification for vehicle containment parapets of metal construction
    BS 4485-4:1996 Water cooling towers Code of practice for structural design and construction
    BS 6767-1:1999 Transportable accommodation units Recommendations for design and construction of the basic unit
    BS 6700(2006) : 2006 DESIGN, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF SERVICES SUPPLYING WATER FOR DOMESTIC USE WITHIN BUILDINGS AND THEIR CURTILAGES - SPECIFICATION
    09/30172555 DC : 0 BS ISO 15686-1 REV - BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTED ASSETS - SERVICE LIFE PLANNING - PART 1: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND FRAMEWORK
    BS 6349-6:1989 Maritime structures Design of inshore moorings and floating structures
    BS 8301:1985 Code of practice for building drainage
    BS 6374-1:1985 Lining of equipment with polymeric materials for the process idustries. Specification for lining with sheet thermoplastics
    BS 3632:1981 Specification for park homes (mobile homes)
    BS 8002:1994 Code of practice for earth retaining structures
    BS 6579-5:1986 Safety fences and barriers for highways Specification for open box beam safety fence (single height)
    BS 8000-13:1989 Workmanship on building sites Code of practice for above ground drainage and sanitary appliances
    15/30293166 DC : 0 BS 5385-4 - WALL AND FLOOR TILING - PART 4: DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF CERAMIC AND MOSAIC TILING IN SPECIFIC CONDITIONS - CODE OF PRACTICE
    BS 5400-9.2:1983 STEEL, CONCRETE AND COMPOSITE BRIDGES - BRIDGE BEARINGS - SPECIFICATION FOR MATERIALS, MANUFACTURE AND INSTALLATION OF BRIDGE BEARINGS
    BS 3690-2:1989 Bitumens for building and civil engineering Specification for bitumens for industrial purposes
    BS 466:1984 Specification for power driven overhead travelling cranes, semi-goliath and goliath cranes for general use
    BS 1564:1975 Specification for pressed steel sectional rectangular tanks
    11/30228295 DC : 0 BS 8558 - GUIDE TO THE DESIGN, INSTALLATION, TESTING, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF SERVICES SUPPLYING WATER FOR DOMESTIC USE WITHIN BUILDINGS AND THEIR CURTILAGES - COMPLEMENTARY GUIDANCE TO BS EN 806
    BS 6765-4:1987 Leisure accommodation vehicles. Caravans Specification for undergear
    BS 5950-7:1992 STRUCTURAL USE OF STEELWORK IN BUILDING - SPECIFICATION FOR MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP: COLD FORMED SECTIONS
    BS 6270-3:1991 Code of practice for cleaning and surface repair of buildings Metals (cleaning only)
    05/30095368 DC : DRAFT FEB 2005 BS 6150 - PAINTING OF BUILDINGS - CODE OF PRACTICE
    BS 6367:1983 Code of practice for drainage of roofs and paved areas
    05/30131954 DC : DRAFT APR 2005 BS 5628-3 - CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE USE OF MASONRY - PART 3: MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS, DESIGN AND WORKMANSHIP
    07/30043552 DC : 0 BS 5385-4 - WALL AND FLOOR TILING - PART 4: DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF CERAMIC AND MOSAIC TILING IN SPECIAL CONDITIONS - CODE OF PRACTICE
    BS 1139-4:1982 Metal scaffolding Specification for prefabricated steel splitheads and trestles
    BS 8558:2011 Guide to the design, installation, testing and maintenance of services supplying water for domestic use within buildings and their curtilages. Complementary guidance to BS EN 806
    DEFSTAN 05-39/1(1975) : 1975 SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DESIGN, ERECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF LAND BASED MASTS, TOWERS, TURNTABLES, ANTENNA SUPPORTING, AND RELATED STRUCTURES
    BS 6374-3:1984 Lining of equipment with polymeric materials for the process industries Specification for lining with stoved thermosetting resins
    BS 5502-21:1990 Buildings and structures for agriculture Code of practice for selection and use of construction materials
    BS 8200:1985 Code of practice for design of non-loadbearing external vertical enclosures of buildings
    10/30212801 DC : 0 BS 6180 - BARRIERS IN AND ABOUT BUILDINGS - CODE OF PRACTICE
    BS 8000-15:1990 Workmanship on building sites Code of practice for hot and cold water services (domestic scale)
    BS 6180:1982 Code of practice for protective barriers in and about buildings
    BS 7773:1995 Code of practice for cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces
    I.S. 325-2:1995 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR USE OF MASONRY - PART 2: MASONRY CONSTRUCTION
    BS 853(1990) : 1990 AMD 8979 SPECIFICATION FOR VESSELS FOR USE IN HEATING SYSTEMS - CALORIFIERS AND STORAGE VESSELS FOR CENTRAL HEATING AND HOT WATER SUPPLY
    BS 853-1(1996) : 1996 SPECIFICATION FOR VESSELS FOR USE IN HEATING SYSTEMS - CALORIFIERS AND STORAGE VESSELS FOR CENTRAL HEATING AND HOT WATER SUPPLY
    AWS TSS : 1985 THERMAL SPRAYING: PRACTICE, THEORY, AND APPLICATION
    BS 8010-2.8:1992 Code of practice for pipelines. Pipelines on land: design, construction and installation Steel for oil and gas
    15/30299694 DC : 0 BS 8558 - GUIDE TO THE DESIGN, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF SERVICES SUPPLYING WATER FOR DOMESTIC USE WITHIN BUILDINGS AND THEIR CURTILAGES - COMPLEMENTARY GUIDANCE TO BS EN 806
    BS 6767-1:1992 Transportable accommodation units Recommendations for design and construction
    BS 6374-2:1984 Lining of equipment with polymeric materials for the process industries Specification for lining with non-sheet applied thermoplastics
    SSPC-CS 23.00 : 2016 SPECIFICATION FOR THE APPLICATION OF THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS (METALLIZING) OF ALUMINUM, ZINC, AND THEIR ALLOYS AND COMPOSITES FOR THE CORROSION PROTECTION OF STEEL
    BS 7262:1990 Specification for automatic safe load indicators
    BS 6579-4:1990 Safety fences and barriers for highways Specification for components for tensioned rectangular hollow section beam (200 mm x 100 mm) safety fence
    BS 7021:1989 Code of practice for thermal insulation of roofs externally by means of sprayed rigid polyurethane (PUR) or polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam
    ISO 15686-1:2011 Buildings and constructed assets — Service life planning — Part 1: General principles and framework
    BS 6150(2006) : 2006 PAINTING OF BUILDINGS - CODE OF PRACTICE
    BS 8081:1989 Code of practice for ground anchorages
    BS 3632:1995 Specification for residential park homes
    BS 3632:2005 Residential park homes. Specification
    BS 5930:2015 Code of practice for ground investigations
    BS 5950-4:1994 STRUCTURAL USE OF STEELWORK IN BUILDING - PART 4: CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN OF COMPOSITE SLABS WITH PROFILED STEEL SHEETING

    Standards Referencing This Book - (Show below) - (Hide below)

    BS 4921:1988 Specification for sherardized coatings on iron or steel
    BS 1133-6(1966) : 1966 PACKAGING CODE - TEMPORARY PROTECTION OF METAL SURFACES AGAINST CORROSION (DURING TRANSPORT AND STORAGE)
    BS 3382-1&2(1961) : 1961 SPECIFICATION FOR ELECTROPLATED COATINGS ON THREADED COMPONENTS - CADMIUM ON STEEL COMPONENTS - ZINC ON STEEL COMPONENTS
    BS 3294-1:1960 Specification for the use of high strength friction grip bolts in structural steelwork. General grade bolts
    BS 4164:2002 Specification for coal-tar-based hot-applied coating materials for protecting iron and steel, including a suitable primer
    BS 7079-C2(1989) : 1989 AMD 8661 PREPARATION OF STEEL SUBSTRATES BEFORE APPLICATION OF PAINTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS - METHOD FOR THE GRADING OF SURFACE PROFILE OF ABRASIVELY BLAST CLEANED STEEL USING A COMPARATOR
    BS 8110-3(1985) : 1985 STRUCTURAL USE OF CONCRETE - PART 3: DESIGN CHARTS FOR SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS, DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS AND RECTANGULAR COLUMNS
    BS 8110-2:1985 STRUCTURAL USE OF CONCRETE - PART 2: CODE OF PRACTICE FOR SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
    BS 2091:1969 Specification for respirators for protection against harmful dusts, gases and scheduled agricultural chemicals
    BS 6150:1991 Code of practice for painting of buildings
    BS 1706:1990 Method for specifying electroplated coatings of zinc and cadmium on iron and steel
    BS 2569-2:1965 Specification for sprayed metal coatings Protection of iron and steel against corrosion and oxidation at elevated temperatures.
    BS 4479:1969 Recommendations for the design of metal articles that are to be coated
    BS 7298:1990 Schedule of requirements and recommendations for cards to be used in electronic funds transfer at point of sale (EFT-POS)
    BS 5950-3.1(1990) : 1990 STRUCTURAL USE OF STEELWORK IN BUILDING - PART 3: DESIGN IN COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION - SECTION 3.1: CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN OF SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS COMPOSITE BEAMS
    BS 2523:1966 Specification for lead-based priming paints
    PD 6484:1979 Commentary on corrosion at bimetallic contacts and its alleviation
    BS 2569-1:1964 Specification for sprayed metal coatings Protection of iron and steel by aluminium and zinc against atmospheric corrosion
    BS 5228:1975 Code fpr practice for noise control on construction and demolition sites
    BS 2451:1963 Specification for chilled iron shot and grit
    BS 7079-C1(1989) : 1989 AMD 8652 PREPARATION OF STEEL SUBSTRATES BEFORE APPLICATION OF PAINTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS - SURFACE ROUGHNESS CHARACTERISTICS OF BLAST CLEANED STEEL SUBSTRATES - SPECIFICATION FOR SURFACE PROFILE COMPARATORS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ABRASIVE BLAST-CLEANED SURFACES
    BS 3698:1964 Specification for calcium plumbate priming paints
    BS 534:1990 Specification for steel pipes, joints and specials for water and sewage
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