BS 7910:1999
Withdrawn
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Guide on methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures
Hardcopy , PDF
30-11-2018
English
01-10-2000
Committees responsible
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Symbols and definitions
4 Types of flaw
5 Modes of failure and material damage mechanisms
6 Information required for assessment
7 Assessment for fracture resistance
8 Assessment for fatigue
9 Assessment of flaws in plant operating at high
temperatures
10 Assessment for other modes of failure
Annexes
A (normative) Evaluation under combined direct and
shear stresses or mode I, II and III
loads
B (informative) Assessment procedures for tubular
joints in offshore structures
C (informative) Fracture assessment procedures for
pressure vessels and pipelines
D (normative) Stress due to misalignment
E (normative) Flaw re-characterization
F (informative) A procedure for leak-before-break
assessment
G (normative) The assessment of corrosion in pipes and
pressure vessels
H (normative) Reporting of fracture, fatigue or creep
assessments
I (informative) The significance of weld strength
mismatch on the fracture behaviour of
welded joints
J (informative) Use of the results of Charpy V-notch
impact tests to indicate fracture
toughness levels
K (normative) Reliability, partial safety factors,
number of tests and reserve factors
L (normative) Fracture toughness determination for
welds
M (normative) Stress intensity factor solutions
N (normative) Simplified procedures for determining
the acceptability of a known flaw or
estimating the acceptable flaw size
level 1 fracture procedures
O (informative) Consideration of proof testing and warm
prestressing
P (normative) Calculation of reference stress
Q (informative) Residual stress distributions in
as-welded joints
R (normative) Determination of plasticity interaction
effects with combined primary and
secondary loading
S (normative) Approximate numerical integration
methods for fatigue life estimation
T (informative) Information for making high temperature
crack growth assessments
U (informative) Worked example to demonstrate high
temperature failure assessment procedure
Bibliography
FIGURES
1 Linearization of stress distributions
2 Schematic representation of stress distribution
across section
3 Procedure for resolving flaws normal to principal
stress
4 Flow chart - General methods
5 Flow chart - Level 1
6 Flow chart - Level 2
7 Flow chart - Level 3
8 Flaw dimensions
9 Planar flaw interactions
10 Level 1 FAD
11 Level 2 FADs
12 Level 3C FAD with assessment locus for a known flaw
13 Example of non-unique solutions (schematic)
14 Schematic crack growth relationships
15 Recommended fatigue crack growth laws
16 Quality category S-N curves
17 Assessment of surface flaws in axially-loaded
material for simplified procedure
18 Assessment of surface flaws in flat material
(no weld toe or other stress raiser) in bending for
simplified procedure
19 Assessment of embedded flaws in axially-loaded
joints for simplified procedure
20 Assessment of weld toe flaws in axially-loaded
joints for simplified procedure
21 Assessment of weld toe flaws in joints loaded in
bending for simplified procedure
22 Determination of the temperature Tc at which 0.2%
creep strain is accumulated at a stress level equal
to the proof strength
23 Determination of the time t(T) to achieve an
accumulated creep strain of 0.2% at a stress level
equal to the proof strength
24 Schematic behaviour of crack subjected to steady
loading at elevated temperature
25 Schematic representation of crack propagation and
failure conditions
26a Flow chart for overall creep assessment
27 Schematic diagrams of typical relationships between
crack velocity and stress intensity factor during
stress corrosion cracking
28 Types of corrosion fatigue crack growth behaviour
B.1 Assessment methodology for fatigue crack growth in
tubular joints
C.1 Algorithm for pressure vessel flaw assessment
E.1 Re-characterization of flaws for ligament failure
by ductile mechanisms under dynamic loading
F.1 The leak-before-break diagram
G.1 Flow chart of assessment procedure
J.1 Flow chart for selection of appropriate correlation
K.1 Evaluation of F L for single primary stress
M.1 Through-thickness flaw geometry
N.1 Relationship between actual flaw dimensions and the
parameter for surface flaws
O.1 Typical warm prestress cycles
Q.1 Typical residual distributions in welded joints
R.1 Values for P1 for defining Kr
T.1 Derivation of strain versus time curves from
iso-strain curves
U.1 Flaw dimensions
TABLES
1 Limits for slag inclusions and porosity
2 Procedure for assessment of known flaws
3 Stress ranges used in fatigue assessments
4 Recommended fatigue crack growth laws for steels
in air
5 Recommended fatigue crack growth laws for steels
in a marine environment
6 Recommended fatigue crack growth threshold, values
for assessing welded joints
7 Details of quality category S-N curves
8 Minimum values for assessing non-planar flaws and
shape imperfections
9 Limits for non-planar flaws in as-welded steel and
aluminium alloy weldments
10 Limits for non-planar flaws in steel weldments
stress relieved by PWHT
11 Acceptance levels for misalignment expressed in
terms of stress magnification factor Km
12 Acceptance levels for weld toe undercut in material
thickness from 10 mm to 40 mm
13 Temperature below which creep is negligible in
200 000h
D.1 Formulae for calculating the bending stress due to
misalignment in butt joints
F.1 Guidance on selection of assessment sites around a
pipe system
J.1 Estimation of T27j from Charpy energies measured at
other temperatures
K.1 Target probability of failure (events/year)
M.1a Mm* for axial through-thickness flaws in cylinders
- Pressure loading
P.1 Values of x for bending loading
Q.1 Parametric ranges for recommended residual stress
distributions
R.1 Tabulation as function of Lr and Kps /(K1p/Lr)
T.1 Constants used to derive creep crack propagation
rates in mm/h
U.1 Operating conditions
Defines methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in all types of components and structures. The procedures can be used for analysing flaws in structures made from other metallic materials and in non-welded components and structures as well as the emphasis being on welded fabrications in austenitic and ferritic steels and aluminium alloys. These can all be applied at the design, fabrication and operational phases of a structure's life.
Committee |
WEE/37
|
DevelopmentNote |
Supersedes 97/714934 DC Supersedes BS PD6493(1991) and BS PD6539(1994) (01/2000)
|
DocumentType |
Standard
|
Pages |
272
|
PublisherName |
British Standards Institution
|
Status |
Withdrawn
|
SupersededBy | |
Supersedes |
API 571 FRENCH : 2003 | MECANISMES D'ENDOMMAGEMENT AFFECTANT LES EQUIPEMENTS STATIQUES DANS L'INDUSTRIE DU RAFFINAGE |
04/19985215 DC : DRAFT DEC 2004 | BS ISO 19904-1 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - FLOATING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES - PART 1: MONOHULLS, SEMI-SUBMERSIBLES AND SPARS |
API TR 1PER15K-1 : 2013 | PROTOCOL FOR VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF HIGH-PRESSURE HIGH-TEMPERATURE EQUIPMENT |
PD 5500:2000 | SPECIFICATION FOR UNFIRED FUSION WELDED PRESSURE VESSELS |
ISO/TTA 5:2007 | Code of practice for creep/fatigue testing of cracked components |
I.S. EN 13480-2:2017 | METALLIC INDUSTRIAL PIPING - PART 2: MATERIALS |
04/19991491 DC : DRAFT DEC 2004 | BS ISO 10400 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - FORMULAE AND CALCULATION FOR CASING, TUBING, DRILL PIPE AND LINE PIPE PROPERTIES |
PD ISO/TR 22694:2008 | Gas cylinders. Methods for establishing acceptance/ rejection criteria for flaws in seamless steel and aluminium alloy cylinders at time of periodic inspection and testing |
BS 7448-3:2005 | Fracture mechanics toughness tests Method for determination of fracture toughness of metallic materials at rates of increase in stress intensity factor greater than 3.0 MPa m0.5 s-1 |
API 2T REDLINE : 2010 | PLANNING, DESIGNING, AND CONSTRUCTING TENSION LEG PLATFORMS |
DIN EN 1993-4-3:2010-12 | EUROCODE 3: DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES - PART 4-3: PIPELINES |
I.S. EN 1993-4-3:2007 | EUROCODE 3 - DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES - PART 4-3: PIPELINES |
BS 4515-1:2004 | Specification for welding of steel pipelines on land and offshore Carbon and carbon manganese steel pipelines |
PD 5500:2003 | Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels |
ASME PCC 2 : 2015 | REPAIR OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT AND PIPING |
API 571 GERMAN : 2009 | SCHADENSMECHANISMEN UND DEREN EINFLUSS AUF STATISCHE AUSRUESTUNGSTEILE IN DER RAFFINERIEINDUSTRIE |
PD 8010-1:2004 | Code of practice for pipelines Steel pipelines on land |
API 2T : 2010 : R2015 | PLANNING, DESIGNING, AND CONSTRUCTING TENSION LEG PLATFORMS |
CSA S473 : 2004 | STEEL STRUCTURES |
BS EN 1993-4-3:2007 | Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures Pipelines |
BS EN 62256:2017 | Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines. Rehabilitation and performance improvement |
09/30188143 DC : DRAFT OCT 2009 | BS EN 13480-2:2002/A2 - METALLIC INDUSTRIAL PIPING - PART 2: MATERIALS |
PD 8010-2:2004 | Code of practice for pipelines Subsea pipelines |
ISO/TR 22694:2008 | Gas cylinders Methods for establishing acceptance/rejection criteria for flaws in seamless steel and aluminium alloy cylinders at time of periodic inspection and testing |
API RP 2T : 2010 | PLANNING, DESIGNING, AND CONSTRUCTING TENSION LEG PLATFORMS |
UNE-EN 13480-2:2017 | Metallic industrial piping - Part 2: Materials |
ASME STP-NU-039 : 2012 | CREEP AND CREEP-FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH AT STRUCTURAL DISCONTINUITIES AND WELDS |
BS 7608:1993 | Code of practice for fatigue design and assessment of steel structures |
BS EN 1291:1998 | Non-destructive testing of welds. Magnetic particle testing of welds. Acceptance levels |
BS DD186(1991) : 1991 | METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THRESHOLD STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS AND FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATES IN METALLIC MATERIALS |
BS EN 12517:1998 | Non-destructive testing of welds. Radiographic testing of welded joints. Acceptance levels |
BS EN 1290:1998 | Non-destructive examination of welds. Magnetic particle examination of welds |
BS EN 1712:1997 | Non-destructive examination of welds. Ultrasonic examination of welded joints. Acceptance levels |
BS EN 1435:1997 | Non-destructive examination of welds. Radiographic examination of welded joints |
BS 3688-1:1963 | Methods for mechanical testing of metals at elevated temperatures. Tensile testing |
BS EN 1714:1998 | Non destructive testing of welded joints. Ultrasonic testing of welded joints |
BS 5500:1997 | SPECIFICATION FOR UNFIRED FUSION WELDED PRESSURE VESSELS |
BS 6835-1:1998 | Method for the determination of the rate of fatigue crack growth in metallic materials. Fatigue crack growth rates of above 10<sup>-8</sup> m per cycle |
BS EN ISO 6520-1:2007 | Welding and allied processes. Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials Fusion welding |
BS EN 1289:1998 | Non-destructive examination of welds. Penetrant testing of welds. Acceptance levels |
BS EN 571-1:1997 | Non-destructive testing. Penetrant testing General principles |
BS EN 10002-1:2001 | Tensile testing of metallic materials Method of test at ambient temperature |
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