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BS 7910:1999

Withdrawn

Withdrawn

A Withdrawn Standard is one, which is removed from sale, and its unique number can no longer be used. The Standard can be withdrawn and not replaced, or it can be withdrawn and replaced by a Standard with a different number.

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Guide on methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures

Available format(s)

Hardcopy , PDF

Withdrawn date

30-11-2018

Language(s)

English

Published date

01-10-2000

Committees responsible
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Symbols and definitions
4 Types of flaw
5 Modes of failure and material damage mechanisms
6 Information required for assessment
7 Assessment for fracture resistance
8 Assessment for fatigue
9 Assessment of flaws in plant operating at high
    temperatures
10 Assessment for other modes of failure
Annexes
A (normative) Evaluation under combined direct and
                shear stresses or mode I, II and III
                loads
B (informative) Assessment procedures for tubular
                joints in offshore structures
C (informative) Fracture assessment procedures for
                pressure vessels and pipelines
D (normative) Stress due to misalignment
E (normative) Flaw re-characterization
F (informative) A procedure for leak-before-break
                assessment
G (normative) The assessment of corrosion in pipes and
                pressure vessels
H (normative) Reporting of fracture, fatigue or creep
                assessments
I (informative) The significance of weld strength
                mismatch on the fracture behaviour of
                welded joints
J (informative) Use of the results of Charpy V-notch
                impact tests to indicate fracture
                toughness levels
K (normative) Reliability, partial safety factors,
                number of tests and reserve factors
L (normative) Fracture toughness determination for
                welds
M (normative) Stress intensity factor solutions
N (normative) Simplified procedures for determining
                the acceptability of a known flaw or
                estimating the acceptable flaw size
                level 1 fracture procedures
O (informative) Consideration of proof testing and warm
                prestressing
P (normative) Calculation of reference stress
Q (informative) Residual stress distributions in
                as-welded joints
R (normative) Determination of plasticity interaction
                effects with combined primary and
                secondary loading
S (normative) Approximate numerical integration
                methods for fatigue life estimation
T (informative) Information for making high temperature
                crack growth assessments
U (informative) Worked example to demonstrate high
                temperature failure assessment procedure
Bibliography
FIGURES
1 Linearization of stress distributions
2 Schematic representation of stress distribution
    across section
3 Procedure for resolving flaws normal to principal
    stress
4 Flow chart - General methods
5 Flow chart - Level 1
6 Flow chart - Level 2
7 Flow chart - Level 3
8 Flaw dimensions
9 Planar flaw interactions
10 Level 1 FAD
11 Level 2 FADs
12 Level 3C FAD with assessment locus for a known flaw
13 Example of non-unique solutions (schematic)
14 Schematic crack growth relationships
15 Recommended fatigue crack growth laws
16 Quality category S-N curves
17 Assessment of surface flaws in axially-loaded
    material for simplified procedure
18 Assessment of surface flaws in flat material
    (no weld toe or other stress raiser) in bending for
    simplified procedure
19 Assessment of embedded flaws in axially-loaded
    joints for simplified procedure
20 Assessment of weld toe flaws in axially-loaded
    joints for simplified procedure
21 Assessment of weld toe flaws in joints loaded in
    bending for simplified procedure
22 Determination of the temperature Tc at which 0.2%
    creep strain is accumulated at a stress level equal
    to the proof strength
23 Determination of the time t(T) to achieve an
    accumulated creep strain of 0.2% at a stress level
    equal to the proof strength
24 Schematic behaviour of crack subjected to steady
    loading at elevated temperature
25 Schematic representation of crack propagation and
    failure conditions
26a Flow chart for overall creep assessment
27 Schematic diagrams of typical relationships between
    crack velocity and stress intensity factor during
    stress corrosion cracking
28 Types of corrosion fatigue crack growth behaviour
B.1 Assessment methodology for fatigue crack growth in
    tubular joints
C.1 Algorithm for pressure vessel flaw assessment
E.1 Re-characterization of flaws for ligament failure
    by ductile mechanisms under dynamic loading
F.1 The leak-before-break diagram
G.1 Flow chart of assessment procedure
J.1 Flow chart for selection of appropriate correlation
K.1 Evaluation of F L for single primary stress
M.1 Through-thickness flaw geometry
N.1 Relationship between actual flaw dimensions and the
    parameter for surface flaws
O.1 Typical warm prestress cycles
Q.1 Typical residual distributions in welded joints
R.1 Values for P1 for defining Kr
T.1 Derivation of strain versus time curves from
    iso-strain curves
U.1 Flaw dimensions
TABLES
1 Limits for slag inclusions and porosity
2 Procedure for assessment of known flaws
3 Stress ranges used in fatigue assessments
4 Recommended fatigue crack growth laws for steels
     in air
5 Recommended fatigue crack growth laws for steels
     in a marine environment
6 Recommended fatigue crack growth threshold, values
     for assessing welded joints
7 Details of quality category S-N curves
8 Minimum values for assessing non-planar flaws and
     shape imperfections
9 Limits for non-planar flaws in as-welded steel and
     aluminium alloy weldments
10 Limits for non-planar flaws in steel weldments
     stress relieved by PWHT
11 Acceptance levels for misalignment expressed in
     terms of stress magnification factor Km
12 Acceptance levels for weld toe undercut in material
     thickness from 10 mm to 40 mm
13 Temperature below which creep is negligible in
     200 000h
D.1 Formulae for calculating the bending stress due to
     misalignment in butt joints
F.1 Guidance on selection of assessment sites around a
     pipe system
J.1 Estimation of T27j from Charpy energies measured at
     other temperatures
K.1 Target probability of failure (events/year)
M.1a Mm* for axial through-thickness flaws in cylinders
     - Pressure loading
P.1 Values of x for bending loading
Q.1 Parametric ranges for recommended residual stress
     distributions
R.1 Tabulation as function of Lr and Kps /(K1p/Lr)
T.1 Constants used to derive creep crack propagation
     rates in mm/h
U.1 Operating conditions

Defines methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in all types of components and structures. The procedures can be used for analysing flaws in structures made from other metallic materials and in non-welded components and structures as well as the emphasis being on welded fabrications in austenitic and ferritic steels and aluminium alloys. These can all be applied at the design, fabrication and operational phases of a structure's life.

Committee
WEE/37
DevelopmentNote
Supersedes 97/714934 DC Supersedes BS PD6493(1991) and BS PD6539(1994) (01/2000)
DocumentType
Standard
Pages
272
PublisherName
British Standards Institution
Status
Withdrawn
SupersededBy
Supersedes

API 571 FRENCH : 2003 MECANISMES D'ENDOMMAGEMENT AFFECTANT LES EQUIPEMENTS STATIQUES DANS L'INDUSTRIE DU RAFFINAGE
04/19985215 DC : DRAFT DEC 2004 BS ISO 19904-1 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - FLOATING OFFSHORE STRUCTURES - PART 1: MONOHULLS, SEMI-SUBMERSIBLES AND SPARS
API TR 1PER15K-1 : 2013 PROTOCOL FOR VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF HIGH-PRESSURE HIGH-TEMPERATURE EQUIPMENT
PD 5500:2000 SPECIFICATION FOR UNFIRED FUSION WELDED PRESSURE VESSELS
ISO/TTA 5:2007 Code of practice for creep/fatigue testing of cracked components
I.S. EN 13480-2:2017 METALLIC INDUSTRIAL PIPING - PART 2: MATERIALS
04/19991491 DC : DRAFT DEC 2004 BS ISO 10400 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - FORMULAE AND CALCULATION FOR CASING, TUBING, DRILL PIPE AND LINE PIPE PROPERTIES
PD ISO/TR 22694:2008 Gas cylinders. Methods for establishing acceptance/ rejection criteria for flaws in seamless steel and aluminium alloy cylinders at time of periodic inspection and testing
BS 7448-3:2005 Fracture mechanics toughness tests Method for determination of fracture toughness of metallic materials at rates of increase in stress intensity factor greater than 3.0 MPa m0.5 s-1
API 2T REDLINE : 2010 PLANNING, DESIGNING, AND CONSTRUCTING TENSION LEG PLATFORMS
DIN EN 1993-4-3:2010-12 EUROCODE 3: DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES - PART 4-3: PIPELINES
I.S. EN 1993-4-3:2007 EUROCODE 3 - DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES - PART 4-3: PIPELINES
BS 4515-1:2004 Specification for welding of steel pipelines on land and offshore Carbon and carbon manganese steel pipelines
PD 5500:2003 Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels
ASME PCC 2 : 2015 REPAIR OF PRESSURE EQUIPMENT AND PIPING
API 571 GERMAN : 2009 SCHADENSMECHANISMEN UND DEREN EINFLUSS AUF STATISCHE AUSRUESTUNGSTEILE IN DER RAFFINERIEINDUSTRIE
PD 8010-1:2004 Code of practice for pipelines Steel pipelines on land
API 2T : 2010 : R2015 PLANNING, DESIGNING, AND CONSTRUCTING TENSION LEG PLATFORMS
CSA S473 : 2004 STEEL STRUCTURES
BS EN 1993-4-3:2007 Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures Pipelines
BS EN 62256:2017 Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines. Rehabilitation and performance improvement
09/30188143 DC : DRAFT OCT 2009 BS EN 13480-2:2002/A2 - METALLIC INDUSTRIAL PIPING - PART 2: MATERIALS
PD 8010-2:2004 Code of practice for pipelines Subsea pipelines
ISO/TR 22694:2008 Gas cylinders Methods for establishing acceptance/rejection criteria for flaws in seamless steel and aluminium alloy cylinders at time of periodic inspection and testing
API RP 2T : 2010 PLANNING, DESIGNING, AND CONSTRUCTING TENSION LEG PLATFORMS
UNE-EN 13480-2:2017 Metallic industrial piping - Part 2: Materials
ASME STP-NU-039 : 2012 CREEP AND CREEP-FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH AT STRUCTURAL DISCONTINUITIES AND WELDS

BS 7608:1993 Code of practice for fatigue design and assessment of steel structures
BS EN 1291:1998 Non-destructive testing of welds. Magnetic particle testing of welds. Acceptance levels
BS DD186(1991) : 1991 METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THRESHOLD STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS AND FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATES IN METALLIC MATERIALS
BS EN 12517:1998 Non-destructive testing of welds. Radiographic testing of welded joints. Acceptance levels
BS EN 1290:1998 Non-destructive examination of welds. Magnetic particle examination of welds
BS EN 1712:1997 Non-destructive examination of welds. Ultrasonic examination of welded joints. Acceptance levels
BS EN 1435:1997 Non-destructive examination of welds. Radiographic examination of welded joints
BS 3688-1:1963 Methods for mechanical testing of metals at elevated temperatures. Tensile testing
BS EN 1714:1998 Non destructive testing of welded joints. Ultrasonic testing of welded joints
BS 5500:1997 SPECIFICATION FOR UNFIRED FUSION WELDED PRESSURE VESSELS
BS 6835-1:1998 Method for the determination of the rate of fatigue crack growth in metallic materials. Fatigue crack growth rates of above 10<sup>-8</sup> m per cycle
BS EN ISO 6520-1:2007 Welding and allied processes. Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials Fusion welding
BS EN 1289:1998 Non-destructive examination of welds. Penetrant testing of welds. Acceptance levels
BS EN 571-1:1997 Non-destructive testing. Penetrant testing General principles
BS EN 10002-1:2001 Tensile testing of metallic materials Method of test at ambient temperature

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