Foreword
Clause
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Definitions
4 Applications considerations
4.1 General
4.2 Corrosive areas
4.3 Installation considerations
4.4 Process temperature accuracy
5 Thermal insulation
5.1 General
5.2 Selection of insulating material
5.3 Selection of weather barrier (cladding)
5.4 Selection of economical thickness
6 System design
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Purpose of, and major requirement for, trace
heating
6.3 Heat loss calculations
6.4 Heat-up considerations
6.5 Heat-loss design safety factor
6.6 Selection of trace heater
6.7 Maximum temperature determination
6.8 Design information
6.9 Power system
6.10 Start-up at low ambient temperatures
6.11 Long cable runs
6.12 Flow pattern analysis
6.13 Dead-leg control technique
6.14 Chimney effect
7 Control and monitoring equipment
7.1 General
7.2 Mechanical controllers
7.3 Electronic controllers
7.4 Application suitability
7.5 Location of controllers
7.6 Location of sensors
7.7 Alarm considerations
8 Recommendations for installation, testing and
maintenance
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Application
8.3 Preparatory work
8.4 Installation of trace-heating systems
8.5 Installation of trace heaters
8.6 Installation of control and monitoring equipment
8.7 Installation of thermal insulation system
(see also clause 5)
8.8 Commissioning
8.9 Maintenance
8.10 Repairs