This International Standard defines procedures for random sampling and randomization. Several methods are provided, including approaches based on mechanical devices, tables of random numbers, and portable computer algorithms. This International Standard is applicable whenever a regulation, contract, or other standard requires random sampling or randomization to be used. The methods are applicable to such situations as acceptance sampling of discrete units presented for inspection in lots, sampling for survey purposes, auditing of quality management system results, and selecting experimental units, allocating treatments to them, and determining evaluation order in the conduct of designed experiments. Information is also included to facilitate auditing or other external review of random sampling or randomization results where this is required by quality management personnel or regulatory bodies. This International Standard does not provide guidance as to the appropriate random sampling or randomization procedures to be used for any particular experimental situation or give guidance with respect to possible sampling strategy selection or sample size determination. Other ISO standards (such as those listed in the Introduction) or authoritative references should be consulted for guidance in such areas.