CEN/TR 15677:2008

Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 National regulations
  2.1 General
  2.2 Terms and definitions
  2.3 Experience in different countries
      2.3.1 The Netherlands
      2.3.2 Germany
      2.3.3 Denmark
      2.3.4 United Kingdom
      2.3.5 Finland
      2.3.6 Belgium
      2.3.7 Other countries
      2.3.8 Overview of requirements
3 Inventory of co-combustion materials
4 Properties of fly ash obtained from co-combustion - Test results
  4.1 General
  4.2 Chemical properties
      4.2.1 General
      4.2.2 Sewage sludge
      4.2.3 Biomass
      4.2.4 Petcoke
      4.2.5 Paper sludge
      4.2.6 Straw
      4.2.7 Wood
      4.2.8 Meat and Bone meal
      4.2.9 Other co-combustion materials
  4.3 Physical and chemical properties of fly ash
  4.4 Environmental compatibility
      4.4.1 General
      4.4.2 Netherlands
      4.4.3 Germany
  4.5 Compressive strength and activity index of mortar samples
      according to EN 450
      4.5.1 General
      4.5.2 Netherlands
      4.5.3 Germany
      4.5.4 Finland
      4.5.5 Belgium
5 Properties of concrete with fly ash obtained from co-combustion
  5.1 Concepts in Europe - General
  5.2 Conformity tests on fresh and hardened concrete in the
      Netherlands (technical properties)
      5.2.1 General
      5.2.2 Assessment criteria on technical concrete properties
            according to CUR 70
      5.2.3 Test results - Overview
      5.2.4 Durability of concrete
      5.2.5 Admixtures in concrete
      5.2.6 Air-entraining agent
      5.2.7 Retarding agents
  5.3 Tests results on fresh and hardened concrete properties
      from trials in Finland (technical properties)
  5.4 Assessment of the environmental compatibility of fly ash
      obtained from co-combustion (leaching tests on concrete)
      5.4.1 Netherlands
      5.4.2 Germany
Annex A (informative)
Bibliography

This CEN report compiles the experience collected from the co-combustion of biomass and waste by 2002. The data and the test results are given from systematic research projects and from investigations on fly ash obtained from co-combustion in different power plants in the framework of national certification processes or from other co-combustion tests. The report: -includes the existing national regulations for the demonstration of the suitability of fly ash from co-combustion,-gives a survey on the combustion materials used so far,-describes the chemical composition of fly ashes obtained from co-combustion,-lists the chemical and physical properties of the fly ashes, which are relevant to the technical and environmental properties of concrete,-includes test results of properties of concrete with fly ashes obtained from co-combustion.