The purpose of this guideline is to help medical laboratories useproficiency testing (PT) as a quality improvement tool.1-6 This guidelinepresents a systematic approach for designing the PT process as acomponent of the laboratory QMS.QMS24 is intended for clinical laboratory managers and analysts inboth the public and private sectors, and is applicable to any setting inwhich clinical laboratory testing is performed, from bedside testingto large multispecialty laboratories. This guideline applies to bothqualitative and quantitative laboratory testing, including detectionand quantification of blood and fluid measurands and blood and tissuetyping. Some discussions apply only to examinations with quantitativeresults, whereas other discussions apply to examinations withqualitative results.The processes described in this guideline can help laboratories designa PT process, monitor PT results, and investigate and respond tounacceptable PT results. Part of this response may include preparation ofinformation for submission to regulatory or accreditation organizations.Laboratories are cautioned, however, that regulatory and accreditationorganizations may have additional requirements not supported by theguidance in QMS24.QMS24 also provides guidance for how to use PT as a tool to preventproblems through analysis of acceptable results, education of laboratorypersonnel, and monitoring of internal processes.This guideline does not recommend specific corrective actions forspecific root causes (see CLSI document QMS117).