0.1 INTRODUCTION
0.2 SCOPE
1 ACTIVE DC FILTERS IN HVDC APPLICATIONS
1.1 INTRODUCING ACTIVE DC FILTERS
1.2 TECHNICAL DEMANDS TO DISTURBANCES ON THE DC SIDE
1.3 DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVE DC FILTERS
1.3.1 Semiconductors available for a power stage
1.3.2 Types of converters available
1.3.3 Connections of the active DC filter
1.3.4 Characteristics of installed active DC filters
1.4 MAIN COMPONENTS IN AN ACTIVE DC FILTER
1.4.1 The Passive Part
1.4.2 The current transducer
1.4.3 The control system
1.4.4 The amplifier
1.4.5 The Transformer
1.4.6 Protection circuit and arrester
1.4.7 Bypass switch and disconnectors
1.5 ACTIVE DC FILTER CONTROL
1.5.1 Active DC Filter Control methods
1.6 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS AND DC FILTER SOLUTIONS
1.6.1 Skagerrak 3 HVDC Intertie
1.6.2 Baltic Cable HVDC Link
1.6.3 Chandrapur-Padghe HVDC power transmission
project
1.6.4 Tian - Guang long distance HVDC project
1.6.5 EGAT-TNB (Thailand-Malaysia) HVDC Interconnection
1.7 PERFORMANCE OF THE SKAGERRAK 3 HVDC
INTERTIE ACTIVE DC FILTER
1.8 CONCLUSIONS ON ACTIVE DC FILTERS
2 ACTIVE AC FILTERS IN HVDC APPLICATIONS
2.1 INTRODUCING ACTIVE AC FILTERS
2.2 TECHNICAL DEMANDS TO HARMONIC DISTURBANCES
ON THE AC SIDE
2.3 PASSIVE FILTERS
2.3.1 Conventional passive filters
2.3.2 Continuously tuned passive filters
2.4 REASONS FOR USING ACTIVE FILTERS IN HVDC
SCHEMES
2.5 OPERATION PRINCIPLES OF ACTIVE FILTERS
2.5.1 Shunt connected active filter
2.5.2 Series connected active filter
2.6 PARALLEL AND SERIES CONFIGURATION
2.6.1 Hybrid filter schemes
2.7 CONVERTER CONFIGURATIONS
2.7.1 Converters
2.7.2 STATCOM
2.8 ACTIVE AC FILTER CONFIGURATIONS
2.8.1 Active ac filters for low voltage application
2.8.2 Active ac filters for medium voltage application
2.8.3 Active ac filters for HVDC applications
2.9 SERIES CONNECTED ACTIVE FILTERS
2.10 CONTROL SYSTEM
2.10.1 Introduction
2.10.2 Description of a Generic Active Power Filter
Controller
2.10.3 Calculation of Reference Current
2.10.4 Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF)
2.10.5 Other Control Approaches
2.10.6 HVDC AC Active Filter Control Approach
2.11 EXISTING ACTIVE AC FILTER APPLICATIONS
2.11.1 Low and medium voltage
2.11.2 High voltage applications
2.12 OVERVIEW ON FILTER SOLUTIONS FOR HVDC
SYSTEMS
2.12.1 Solution with conventional passive filters
2.12.2 Solution with continuously tuned passive
filters
2.12.3 Solution with active filters
2.12.4 Solution with continuously tuned passive filters
and active filters
2.12.5 Study cases with the Cigré HVDC model
2.13 FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
2.14 CONCLUSIONS ON ACTIVE AC FILTERS
3 BIBLIOGRAPHY