DIN EN 1991-4:2010-12

FOREWORD
BACKGROUND OF THE EUROCODE PROGRAMME
STATUS AND FIELD OF APPLICATION OF EUROCODES
NATIONAL STANDARDS IMPLEMENTING EUROCODES
LINKS BETWEEN EUROCODES AND HARMONIZED TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS (ENS AND ETAS) FOR PRODUCTS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO EN 1991-4
NATIONAL ANNEX FOR EN 1991-4
SECTION 1 GENERAL
  1.1 SCOPE
  1.2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
  1.3 ASSUMPTIONS
  1.4 DISTINCTION BETWEEN PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATION RULES
  1.5 DEFINITIONS
  1.6 SYMBOLS USED IN PART 4 OF EUROCODE 1
SECTION 2 REPRESENTATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS
  2.1 REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS ON SILOS
  2.2 REPRESENTATION OF ACTIONS ON TANKS
  2.3 CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS ON SILOS
  2.4 CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS ON TANKS
  2.5 ACTION ASSESSMENT CLASSIFICATION
SECTION 3 DESIGN SITUATIONS
  3.1 GENERAL
  3.2 DESIGN SITUATIONS FOR STORED SOLIDS IN SILOS
  3.3 DESIGN SITUATIONS FOR DIFFERENT SILO GEOMETRICAL
      ARRANGEMENTS
  3.4 DESIGN SITUATIONS FOR SPECIFIC CONSTRUCTION FORMS
  3.5 DESIGN SITUATIONS FOR STORED LIQUIDS IN TANKS
  3.6 PRINCIPLES FOR DESIGN FOR EXPLOSIONS
SECTION 4 PROPERTIES OF PARTICULATE SOLIDS
  4.1 GENERAL
  4.2 PARTICULATE SOLIDS PROPERTIES
  4.3 TESTING PARTICULATE SOLIDS
SECTION 5 LOADS ON THE VERTICAL WALLS OF SILOS
  5.1 GENERAL
  5.2 SLENDER SILOS
  5.3 SQUAT AND INTERMEDIATE SLENDERNESS SILOS
  5.4 RETAINING SILOS
  5.5 SILOS CONTAINING SOLIDS WITH ENTRAINED AIR
  5.6 THERMAL DIFFERENTIALS BETWEEN STORED SOLIDS AND THE
      SILO STRUCTURE
  5.7 LOADS IN RECTANGULAR SILOS
SECTION 6 LOADS ON SILO HOPPERS AND SILO BOTTOMS
  6.1 GENERAL
  6.2 FLAT BOTTOMS
  6.3 STEEP HOPPERS
  6.4 SHALLOW HOPPERS
  6.5 HOPPERS IN SILOS CONTAINING SOLIDS WITH ENTRAINED AIR
SECTION 7 LOADS ON TANKS FROM LIQUIDS
  7.1 GENERAL
  7.2 LOADS DUE TO STORED LIQUIDS
  7.3 LIQUID PROPERTIES
  7.4 SUCTION DUE TO INADEQUATE VENTING
ANNEX A
BASIS OF DESIGN - SUPPLEMENTARY PARAGRAPHS TO EN 1990 FOR
SILOS AND TANKS
      A.1 General
      A.2 Ultimate limit state
      A.3 Actions for combination
      A.4 Design situations and action combinations for Action
           Assessment Classes 2 and 3
      A.5 Action combinations for Action Assessment Class 1
ANNEX B
ACTIONS, PARTIAL FACTORS AND COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS ON TANKS
      B.1 General
      B.2 Actions
      B.3 Partial factors for actions
      B.4 Combination of actions
ANNEX C
MEASUREMENT OF PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS FOR SILO LOAD EVALUATION
      C.1 Object
      C.2 Field of application
      C.3 Notation
      C.4 Definitions
      C.5 Sampling and preparation of samples
      C.6 Bulk unit weight gamma
      C.7 Wall friction
      C.8 Lateral pressure ratio K
      C.9 Strength parameters: cohesion c and internal
           friction angle phi[i]
      C.10 Effective elastic modulus E[s]
      C.11 Assessment of the upper and lower characteristic
           values of a property and determination of the
           conversion factor alpha
ANNEX D
EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS FOR SILO LOAD EVALUATION
      D.1 Object
      D.2 Evaluation of the wall friction coefficient for
           a corrugated wall
      D.3 Internal and wall friction for coarse-grained
           solids without fines
ANNEX E
VALUES OF THE PROPERTIES OF PARTICULATE SOLIDS
      E.1 General
      E.2 Defined values
ANNEX F
FLOW PATTERN DETERMINATION
      F.1 Mass and funnel flow
ANNEX G
ALTERNATIVE RULES FOR PRESSURES IN HOPPERS
      G.1 General
      G.2 Notation
      G.3 Definitions
      G.4 Design situations
      G.5 Evaluation of the bottom load multiplier C[b]
      G.6 Filling pressures on flat and nearly-flat bottoms
      G.7 Filling pressures in hoppers
      G.8 Discharge pressures on flat or nearly-flat bottoms
      G.9 Discharge pressures on hoppers
      G.10 Alternative expression for the discharge hopper
           pressure ratio F[e]
ANNEX H
ACTIONS DUE TO DUST EXPLOSIONS
      H.1 General
      H.2 Scope
      H.3 Notation
      H.4 Explosive dusts and relevant properties
      H.5 Ignition sources
      H.6 Protecting precautions
      H.7 Design of structural elements
      H.8 Design pressure
      H.9 Design for underpressure
      H.10 Design of venting devices
      H.11 Reaction forces by venting