ECMA/TR 53 : 2ED 92

1 Scope
2 General Considerations
3 References
4 Notations and definitions
  4.1 Notation
  4.2 Definitions
5 Requirements for the handling of bi-directional texts
  5.1 Directions of strings
  5.2 Ordering of data
  5.3 Transparency
6 The bi-directional device model
  6.1 The device structure
      6.1.1 The input component
      6.1.2 The data component
      6.1.3 The presentation component
      6.1.4 The graphic image output
  6.2 Relationship between the active data position
      and the active presentation position
  6.3 Movement of the active positions
      6.3.1 Implicit movement
      6.3.2 Explicit movement
      6.3.3 Indirect movement
  6.4 Data stream and data organization
  6.5 Areas, fields and tabulation
      6.5.1 Areas
      6.5.2 Fields and tabulation
  6.6 Simplified presentation of the device model
7 The changes and additions made to Standard ECMA-48
  7.1 New modes for handling bi-directionality
  7.2 Control functions added for handling
      bi-directionality
  7.3 Control functions modified for handling
      bi-directionality
8 Levels of device support for bi-directionality
  8.1 Bi-directional devices with presentation component
      and data component
  8.2 Bi-directional devices with presentation component
      only
Annex A Worked examples

Defines the technical means to handle bi-directional text in character-imaging devices in case of: texts in a single script of which specific parts need to be presented in an opposite direction (for example, numbers in Arabic or Hebrew); texts in different scripts presented in opposite directions (like Latin and Arabic or Latin and Hebrew); texts presented with a horizontal line orientation and a top-to-bottom line progression.